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Africa > Zimbabwe

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Cover Departmental Papers
Front Matter
Mr. Itai Agur, Mr. Damien Capelle, Mr. Giovanni Dell'Ariccia, and Mr. Damiano Sandri
Keywords:
inflation expectation; announcements of unconventional monetary policy; MF operation; self-fulfilling debt crisis; Inflation; Unconventional monetary policies; Quasi-fiscal operations; Monetary base; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Monetary Finance: Do Not Touch, or Handle with Care?
Mr. Itai Agur, Mr. Damien Capelle, Mr. Giovanni Dell'Ariccia, and Mr. Damiano Sandri

This paper reviews the theoretical arguments in favor and against MF and presents an empirical assessment of the risks that it may pose for inflation.

Keywords:
central bank purchase; central banks credibility; inflation risk; central bank loss; inflation rate
Cover IMF Working Papers
Institutional Transformations, Polity and Economic Outcomes: Testing the North-Wallis-Weingast Doorsteps Framework
Mr. Marc G Quintyn and Sophia Gollwitzer
This paper tests the theoretical framework developed by North, Wallis and Weingast (2009) on the transition from closed to open access societies. They posit that societies need to go through three doorsteps: (i) the establishment of rule of law among elites; (ii) the adoption of perpetually existing organizations; and (iii) the political control of the military. We identify indicators reflecting these doorsteps and graphically test the correlation between them and a set of political and economic variables. Finally, through Identification through Heteroskedasticity we test these relationships econometrically. The paper broadly confirms the logic behind the doorsteps as necessary steps in the transition to open access societies. The doorsteps influence economic and political processes, as well as each other, with varying intensity. We also identify income inequality as a potentially important force leading to social change.
Keywords:
WP; open access order; government expenditure; political system; Gini coefficient; NWW transition framework; institutions; economic performance; political performance; transition; income inequality; open access society; Income inequality; Personal income; Corruption; Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Is Policy Ownership An Operational Concept?
Mr. James M. Boughton and Mr. Alex Mourmouras
IMF lending is generally conditional on specified policies and outcomes. These conditions usually are negotiated compromises between policies initially favored by the Fund and by the country's authorities. In some cases the authorities might be satisfied enough with the outcome to take responsibility for it ("own" it) even though it was not their original preference. In other cases, they might accept the outcome only to obtain financing, in which case weak commitment might lead to poor implementation. This paper reviews the theoretical basis for the importance of ownership, summarizes what is known about its empirical effects, and suggests a strategy for strengthening it.
Keywords:
WP; recipient country government; government need; government decision-makers; policy reaction function; ownership; IMF; conditionality; common agency models; State capture; representative government; recipient government; central bank carrying out; government ownership; government failure; country's authorities; Multilateral development institutions; Structural reforms
Cover IMF Survey
IMF Institute seminar: Drazen analyzes reasons for popular resistance to reform and role of crises in policy change
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.

Economic policy reform has long been a prominent subject of analysis. The analysis has focused mostly on the design of reforms, implicitly assuming that once the optimal course of action is known, implementation is a simple technical matter. Allan Drazen, professor of economics at Tel Aviv University and the University of Maryland, challenged this conventional view at a seminar held at the IMF Institute on December 12, 2000. His presentation, “Political Economy of Reform and Crisis,” drew on material from his recent book, Political Economy in Macroeconomics.

Keywords:
SV; IMF Approves; IMF treasurer's department; IMF managing director Horst Köhler Opens; IMF publications catalog; reform process; reform environment; benefits of reform; further reform; beneficial reform; Econometric models; Government debt management; Budget planning and preparation