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Africa > Zimbabwe

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Zimbabwe: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Zimbabwe
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Zimbabwe experienced severe exogenous shocks (cyclone Idai, protracted drought, and the COVID-19 pandemic) during 2019-20, which along with policy missteps in 2019, led to a deep recession and high inflation. Real GDP contracted cumulatively by 11.7 percent during 2019-20 and inflation reached 837 percent (y/y) by July 2020. Reflecting good rainfall and relaxation of containment measures, real GDP rose by 6.3 percent in 2021. A tighter policy stance since mid-2020 (relative to 2019) has contributed to reducing inflation to 60.7 percent (y/y) at end-2021. However, high double-digit inflation and wide parallel foreign exchange (FX) market premia persist. The economic downturn and high inflation increased the financial system vulnerabilities. Extreme poverty has risen and about a third of the population is at risk of food insecurity. The international community seeks improvements in domestic political conditions and economic policies to initiate reengagement with Zimbabwe. The authorities have started token payments to external creditors in a bid to revive international reengagement.
Keywords:
Zimbabwean authorities; anti-corruption strategy; anchor inflation expectation; reintroduced Zimbabwe dollar; determined reform effort; IMF governance diagnostic; overarching policy priority; Exchange rates; Arrears; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Africa; Southern Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Statement on Zimbabwe by Mr. Nakunyada, Alternate Executive Director, Mr. Ekeocha and Mr. Garang, Senior Advisors to the Executive Director March 21, 2022
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

1. Our Zimbabwean authorities appreciate the constructive engagement with IMF staff during the recent Article IV Consultation. They value Fund policy guidance and broadly share the staffs assessment of attendant macroeconomic challenges and key policy priorities.

Keywords:
Zimbabwean authorities; fund policy guidance; tight monetary policy; support e-learning activity; COVID-19; Monetary tightening
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Mozambique: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper: Annual Progress Report: Review of the Economic and Social Plan for 2007
International Monetary Fund
This Annual Progress Report reviews the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper and Economic and Social Plan for 2007 for Mozambique. The report presents the new simplified structure adopted in the Review of the First Half of 2007. In the international context, the evolution of the international economy is presented, which allows a visualization of the international economic conditions in which the country has implemented its economic and social policy. The activities of the environment and the science and technology sectors are also described.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; military training; private sector; exchange rate; value chain; civil construction; cashew nut; public finance; HIV and AIDS; Africa; North America; Southern Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Zimbabwe
Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund

This Selected Issues paper and Statistical Appendix analyzes recent trends in poverty and social indicators for Zimbabwe. It discusses land reform, agricultural policies, and the outcomes. The paper presents background information on the evolution of inflation and money aggregates in Zimbabwe. It analyzes the demand of money since the late 1990s, and discusses factors that can lead to diverging paths of inflation and money growth in the short term. The paper also analyzes Zimbabwe’s export performance in recent years, and identifies the factors that could improve export performance, from both a quantitative and qualitative perspective.

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; public sector wage bill; AIDS patient; staff attrition; MDG goal; AIDS policy; HIV and AIDS; Africa
Cover The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS
The Macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS
Mr. Markus Haacker

Abstract

This paper analyzes the macroeconomics of HIV/AIDS. The paper highlights that the mortality and morbidity associated with AIDS make it unlike most other types of sickness and disease. The paper describes the most common approaches used in accounting for growth in the context of an HIV/AIDS epidemic. The impact of HIV/AIDS on education and the accumulation of human capital is discussed. The paper also discusses the impact of HIV/AIDS on the public sector, and elaborates certain demographic events specific to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Keywords:
BOOK; Aids; life expectancy; AIDS epidemic; AIDS mortality; AIDS patient; AIDS pandemic; AIDS death; HIV and AIDS; Health care; Personal income; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Asia and Pacific; Caribbean
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Mozambique: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Progress Report (Review of the Economic and Social Plan for 2003)
International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews Mozambique’s economic and social plan for 2003. It presents the actions that have been taken to improve the current planning instrument. The paper outlines the social and demographic profile of Mozambique and reviews the extent to which the current strategy for the reduction of absolute poverty in the country is meeting its aims. Results are presented in terms of changes in the welfare indicators, and the extent to which Mozambique is on course to achieve the Millennium Development Goals.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; economic growth; gross domestic product; food product; private sector; community development; evaluation strategy; economic plan; strategy execution; State budget; State revenue; State expenditure; government monitoring; tributary authority; government player; government action; government programme; HIV and AIDS; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Zimbabwe: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper analyzes economic and agricultural developments, and the impact of land reforms of Zimbabwe. The paper summarizes the quantitative estimates of the fiscal burden and overall medium-term macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS on Zimbabwe. It reviews the debt restructuring, fiscal sustainability, and the vulnerabilities of Zimbabwe's banking system. It analyzes the situation of major public enterprises and the foreign exchange system in Zimbabwe. It also provides a statistical appendix for Zimbabwe.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; GDP; rate; farm; premium procurement-price regime; debt stock; AIDS pandemic; lower-quality burley tobacco; procurement price; Public enterprises; HIV and AIDS; Agricultural commodities; Africa; Southern Africa; Central Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Welfare Implications of HIV/AIDS
Mr. Markus Haacker and Mr. N. F. R. Crafts
The paper evaluates the impact of HIV/AIDS on welfare in several countries affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Unlike studies focusing on the impact of HIV/AIDS on GDP per capita, we evaluate the impact of increased mortality using estimates of the value of statistical life. Our results illustrate the catastrophic impact of HIV/AIDS in the worst-affected countries and suggest that studies focusing on GDP and income per capita capture only a very small proportion of the welfare impact of HIV/AIDS.
Keywords:
WP; life expectancy; Welfare; HIV/AIDS; value of statistical life; Africa; adult HIV prevalence rate; income elasticity; mortality risk; welfare loss; no-AIDS scenario; HIV and AIDS; Personal income; Aging
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Economic Consequences of HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa
Mr. Markus Haacker
The paper provides an analysis of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the health sector, public education, the supply of labor and the returns to training in nine Southern African countries. Drawing on the preceding sections, it assesses the impact of HIV/AIDS on per capita income in a neoclassical growth framework. HIV/AIDS affects per capita income mainly through its impact of human capital, as measured by the supply of experienced workers. Other factors include the impact on capital accumulation, on education, and on total factor productivity.
Keywords:
WP; labour force; rate of return; HIV/AIDS; Health; Education; Government Expenditures; Economic Growth; Southern Africa; AIDS victim; AIDS case; AIDS incidence rate; AIDS patient; HIV and AIDS; Health care; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; health sector; AIDS epidemic; copyright page; supply of experienced worker
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Malawi: Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix
International Monetary Fund
This report highlights the growth and macroeconomic policies in Malawi, and also analyzes the interaction between aid flows and macroeconomic stabilization policy. The paper reviews the country's recent trade reform program and summarizes other associated reforms and changes in the pattern of trade. It provides a survey of selected studies on the direct impact of HIV/AIDS on mortality and morbidity, measures of their possible effects on output, growth, and the fiscal position, and also a statistical appendix is provided for the country.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; reform program; foreign exchange; per capita income; trade agreement; trade regime; trade reform program; growth performance; trade liberalization program; aid dependency-a; tariff structure; economic growth; Malawi tea estate; Tariffs; Exports; HIV and AIDS; Aid flows; Imports; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Southern Africa; East Africa