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Political Science > Environmental Policy

You are looking at 1 - 6 of 6 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Trade: General x
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Cover Departmental Papers
The Energy Security Gains from Strengthening Europe’s Climate Action
Geoffroy Dolphin, Romain A Duval, Hugo Rojas-Romagosa, and Galen Sher
Following the 2022 energy crisis, this paper investigates whether Europe’s ongoing efforts to cut greenhouse gas emissions can also enhance its energy security. The global computational general equilibrium model analysis finds that individual policy tools, including carbon pricing, energy efficiency standards, and accelerated permitting procedures for renewables, tend to improve energy security. Compared to carbon pricing, sector-specific regulations deliver larger energy security gains and spread those more evenly across countries, benefitting also some fossil-fuel-intensive economies in Central and Eastern Europe. This finding strengthens the case for a broad climate policy package, which can both achieve Europe’s emissions-reduction goals and deliver sizeable energy security co-benefits. An illustrative package, which would cut emissions in the EU, UK, and EFTA by 55 percent with respect to 1990 levels by 2030, is estimated to improve the two energy security metrics used in this paper by close to 8 percent already by 2030. Beyond the policies analyzed in the model, the paper also discusses the technology, market design, and supply chain reforms that Europe needs for an energy-secure green transition.
Keywords:
Climate change; energy security; Europe; carbon tax; economic growth; emissions trading; greenhouse gas emissions; energy prices; diversification; technological change; climate policy package; Europe's Climate action; climate policy instrument; IMF Library; Imports; Climate policy; Non-renewable resources; Central and Eastern Europe; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Trade in Low Carbon Technologies: The Role of Climate and Trade Policies
Samuel Pienknagura
Curbing carbon emissions to meet the targets set in the Paris Agreement requires the deployment of low carbon technologies (LCTs) at a global scale. This paper assesses the role of climate and trade policies in fostering LCT diffusion through trade. Leveraging a comprehensive database of climate policies and a new database identifying trade in low carbon technologies and the tariffs applied to these goods, this paper shows that the introduction of new climate policies has a positive and significant impact on LCT imports. Zooming into specific climate policies, the paper finds that, except for non-binding ones, all climate policies stimulate LCT imports. The paper also highlights the role of trade policies as an engine of LCT diffusion—reductions in tariffs applied on LCT goods have a sizeable impact on LCT imports. On the flip side, results suggest that more protectionist measures would impede the spread of low-carbon technologies.
Keywords:
Climate policies; trade; low carbon technologies; technological diffusion.; LCT import; LCT diffusion; deployment of low carbon technologies; role of trade policies; policy portfolio; Climate policy; Imports; Trade policy; Tariffs; Climate change; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cameroon: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This Selected Issues paper analyzes structural transformation and export diversification in Cameroon. Cameroonian authorities aim for the structural transformation of the economy and export diversification because of their well-known benefits. Structural transformation and export diversification reinforce each other. Structural transformation of the economy and diversification of exports are key development priorities for Cameroon. They intend to achieve this objective through import substitution policy. However, empirical literature points out those horizontal policies, such as investments in human capital and infrastructure and governance improvement, are not only the most effective to foster structural transformation and export diversification, but also a necessary condition for the success of any industrial policy. Despite a longstanding objective of the country to industrialize, its manufacturing has been persistently sluggish, and its exports were concentrated in minerals, fuel, and raw commodities in less diversified destinations outside Africa. Therefore, it is advisable that the authorities concentrate efforts on those areas as a priority because the country’s related performance has substantial deficits.
Keywords:
export concentration; export destination; export structure; Policy recommendation; mitigation financing; Climate change; Exports; Export diversification; Structural transformation; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cameroun: Questions Generales
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Questions Generales
Keywords:
export concentration; export destination; export structure; Policy recommendation; mitigation financing; Climate change; Exports; Export diversification; Structural transformation; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover IMF Working Papers
Cross-Border Risks of a Global Economy in Mid-Transition
Etienne Espagne, William Oman, Jean-François Mercure, Romain Svartzman, Ulrich Volz, Hector Pollitt, Gregor Semieniuk, and Emanuele Campiglio
This paper analyzes the cross-border risks that could result from a decarbonization of the world economy. We develop a typology of cross-border risks and their respective channels. Our qualitative and quantitative scenario analysis suggests that the mid-transition – a period during which fossil-fuel and low-carbon energy systems co-exist and transform at a rapid pace – could have profound stability and resilience implications for global trade and the international financial system.
Keywords:
Climate change; transition risks; cross-border risks; trade; international money and finance.; asset purchase; energy export; baseline export; baseline GDP; cost of capital; Non-renewable resources; Climate policy; Exports; Global
Cover Staff Climate Notes
Carbon Pricing: What Role for Border Carbon Adjustments?
Ian W.H. Parry, Mr. Peter Dohlman, Mr. Cory Hillier, Mr. Martin D Kaufman, Florian Misch, Mr. James Roaf, Mr. Christophe J Waerzeggers, and Miss Kyung Kwak
This Climate Note discusses the rationale, design, and impacts of border carbon adjustments (BCAs), charges on embodied carbon in imports potentially matched by rebates for embodied carbon in exports. Large disparities in carbon pricing between countries is raising concerns about competitiveness and emissions leakage, and BCAs are a potentially effective instrument for addressing such concerns. Design details are critical, however. For example, limiting coverage of the BCA to energy-intensive, trade-exposed industries facilitates administration, and initially benchmarking BCAs on domestic emissions intensities would help ease the transition for emissions-intensive trading partners. It is also important to consider how to apply BCAs across countries with different approaches to emissions mitigation. BCAs are challenging because they pose legal risks and may be at odds with the differentiated responsibilities of developing countries. Furthermore, BCAs provide only modest incentives for other large emitting countries to scale carbon pricing—an international carbon price floor would be far more effective in this regard.
Keywords:
Border carbon adjustment, climate mitigation, carbon pricing, competitiveness, emissions leakage, allowance allocation, design issues, World Trade Organization rules; IMF staff climate note; border carbon adjustments; climate mitigation; emissions leakage; BCA to energy-intensive; Greenhouse gas emissions; Climate change; Imports; Export subsidies; Global