Colombia is deeply committed to climate change policies, as evidenced by Law N° 1931 (2018), which outlines actions to adapt to climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, aiming to decrease the vulnerability of the population and ecosystems while promoting a sustainable, low-carbon economy. The National Statistical office of the country, Departamento Administrativo Nacional de EstadÃstica (DANE), is dedicated to developing integrated environmental and economic data, and regularly compiles and disseminates selected accounts from the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA). However, to effectively implement climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, Colombia requires substantial amounts of granular, relevant, and reliable data for evidence-based planning. In this context, a mission took place from July 17-21, 2023, funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO) and hosted by DANE. During this mission, discussions with authorities focused on key priorities, identifying feasible developments such as enhancements to existing SEEA energy and emissions flow accounts, mineral and energy asset accounts, and the establishment of domestic carbon footprints.
The Government of Seychelles is committed to promoting environmental sustainability and climate resilience, as demonstrated by its decision to prioritize climate as one of the six key areas in the National Development Strategy for 2024-2028 and through the agreements made under the IMF's Resilience and Sustainability Facility, established in May 2023. A central component of these efforts is the identification of climate-related expenditures. This report outlines the development and phased implementation of a Climate Budget Tagging (CBT) framework in Seychelles. CBT is a tailored process that involves identifying, measuring, and monitoring climate-relevant spending across government, serving as a powerful tool to integrate climate change considerations into the budget cycle. By emphasizing the importance of climate change in resource allocation and execution, CBT enhances the government's ability to prioritize climate action, with the ultimate goal of ensuring alignment with Seychelles' climate commitments and Nationally Determined Contributions.
Cabo Verde faces development challenges from multiple structural factors, including insularity, territorial discontinuity, fragility of ecosystems, and scarcity of natural resources, namely water and arable land. Climate change implications are amplifying these challenges. As an island extension of the arid Sahel zone, Cabo Verde faces severe water shortage, which the country addresses more and more through energy intensive desalination, using electricity produced largely by thermal power plants, which depend entirely on imported fossil fuels. The resulting high energy prices directly impact the cost of water production. In conjunction with climate change induced aridity, the energy-water-climate nexus presents the core development challenge for the country.
This report finds that Egypt has implemented important improvements in climate-aware planning and coordination across the public sector, and some initial steps to reflect climate change issues in appraisal and selection of investment projects, but that significant work remains. So far there has been limited progress in ensuring that budgeting, portfolio management and fiscal risk management is climate sensitive. In addition, many of the weaknesses in the overall framework for public investment described in a separate report, also undermine the capacities for climate-sensitive public investment management. The mission makes three main recommendations to address current weaknesses and further improve the climate change awareness of public investment management: 1) Integrate national climate strategies and objectives for both climate change adaptation and mitigation in national, sectoral, construction and spatial planning processes; 2) Reflect climate change considerations in project selection, budgeting, and portfolio management decisions; 3) Strengthen management of climate-related fiscal risks.