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Law > Business and Financial

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Japan: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Financial Supervision and Regulation of Climate Related Issues
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper presents a technical note on Financial Supervision and Regulation of Climate Related issues in Japan. Japan's transition to a net zero economy requires the decarbonization of high-greenhouse gas intensive industrial sectors such as steel. The Japanese authorities have been working on a number of climate-related activities relevant to banks and insurers. Banks and insurers have identified transition and physical risks as potential sources of increasing credit risk, market risk, liquidity risk, operational risk, and reputational risk. Discussions with Financial Services Agency (FSA) supervisory staff revealed that there is yet to be a systematic approach to addressing climate issues in regular supervisory interactions with banks and insurers. The Climate Guidance sets out the FSA’s expectations for financial institutions to support clients’ and investees’ responses to climate change in order to manage financial institutions’ climate-related risks. Japan is leading the way in the implementation of climate-related disclosures.
Keywords:
scenario analysis; Japan FSAP; BOJ initiative; TCFD disclosure; FSAP finding; Climate change; Insurance companies; Climate finance; Financial stability assessment; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Jamaica: 2024 Article IV Consultation and Second Reviews Under the Arrangement Under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line and Arrangement Under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Jamaica
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This paper discusses Jamaica’s 2023 Article IV Consultation and Second Reviews under the Arrangement under the Precautionary and Liquidity Line and Arrangement under the Resilience and Sustainability Facility. Over the last decade, Jamaica has successfully reduced public debt, anchored inflation, and strengthened its external position. It has built a strong record of accomplishment of investing in institutions and prioritizing macroeconomic stability. Growth is expected to slow in the coming year—converging to potential—and inflation should stabilize around the central bank’s target. Current policies are building resilience for Jamaica to face adverse shocks. Discussions focused on policy reforms that will continue to bolster the credibility of fiscal and monetary policy frameworks, strengthen financial stability, and raise growth. Medium-term policies to foster equitable growth, tackle supply side constraints and raise productivity can unleash Jamaica’s potential over the medium term. The reform measure to establish a natural disaster reserve fund is also assessed to be met, albeit with a minor deviation—IMF staff assesses that the measure is substantively implemented and that the objective of the reform measure is met.
Keywords:
target band; current share; climate change risk; E. WB engagement; RSF reform; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Climate change; Global; Caribbean
Cover Policy Papers
The Managing Director's Global Policy Agenda, Spring Meetings 2023: Safeguard Economic Stability, Support Vulnerable Countries, Sustain Our Future Prosperity
International Monetary Fund
The global economy is at another highly uncertain moment: tentative signs of stabilization earlier this year have receded, and the outlook is increasingly risky and uncertain. At the same time, divisions within and across countries are deepening, exacerbated by rising fragmentation. Strong policy action is needed together with pragmatic approaches to find areas of common ground to respond to shared challenges. The IMF is proactively engaging with our members to chart a clear course to a stronger and more sustainable path for the global economy.
Keywords:
support vulnerable country; Policy agenda; spring meetings 2023; future prosperity; vulnerable country; Financial sector stability; Climate change; Inflation; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Financial Regulation, Climate Change, and the Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy: A Survey of the Issues
Mr. Dimitri G Demekas and Pierpaolo Grippa
There are demands on central banks and financial regulators to take on new responsibilities for supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. Regulators can indeed facilitate the reorientation of financial flows necessary for the transition. But their powers should not be overestimated. Their diagnostic and policy toolkits are still in their infancy. They cannot (and should not) expand their mandate unilaterally. Taking on these new responsibilities can also have potential pitfalls and unintended consequences. Ultimately, financial regulators cannot deliver a low-carbon economy by themselves and should not risk being caught again in the role of ‘the only game in town.’
Keywords:
Financial stability; financial regulation; climate change; climate mitigation policy; low-carbon economy; energy transition; carbon price; green finance; United Nations climate change conference; policy coordination; unintended consequence; Climate change; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Eastern Caribbean Currency Union: 2016 Discussion on Common Policies of Member Countries-Press Release and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This IMF Staff Report for the 2016 Discussion on Common Policies of Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) Member Countries highlights that the regional recovery in ECCU is gaining ground, supported by continued low oil prices, strong tourism arrivals, and robust citizenship-by-investment receipts. Risks to the near-term outlook are balanced, but growth in the ECCU continues to be hindered by weak competitiveness, banking sector fragilities, susceptibility to natural disasters, and large public debt. The Executive Directors have encouraged the authorities to press ahead with sound macroeconomic policies and structural reforms to decisively address these issues and strengthen the conditions for robust long term growth.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Anguilla CARTAC; country authorities; ECCU; aggregate; discussion; ECCU price aggregate; ECCU well; FAD tax mission; ECCU aggregate; CARTAC framework; Natural disasters; Commercial banks; Interest rate parity; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Papua New Guinea: 2005 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Papua New Guinea
International Monetary Fund
Papua New Guinea’s 2005 Article IV Consultation reports that the economy continues to perform well as the recovery maintains its momentum and the authorities adhere to disciplined fiscal and monetary policies. The central government budget has been estimated to be once more in surplus in 2005, as mining and petroleum revenue remain strong and overall expenditure is kept in check, resulting in a further reduction in public sector debt. Monetary policy has achieved a favorable combination of relatively low interest rates and inflation.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; PNG government; core government function; minority equity share; price; private sector credit; monetary policy tool; government's strategy; Non-renewable resources; Global