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Law > Business and Financial

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Cover Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund
Forty-Third Issue Supplement
International Monetary Fund. Legal Dept.

Abstract

A supplement to the Forty-Third Issue of Selected Decisions and Selected Documents of the International Monetary Fund, incorporating items posted after January 1, 2023.

Keywords:
MCP decision; Review of the Fund's Policy; payments policy; adequacy assessment framework; fund surveillance; Balance of payments need; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Liquidity; Lines of credit; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kingdom of the Netherlands-The Netherlands: Financial Sector Assessment Program- Technical Note on Securities Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper describes a technical note on securities regulation and supervision in The Netherlands. Regulation of securities and derivatives markets in the European Union (EU) has changed materially since the last Netherlands Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), with further reforms underway. The securities market landscape in the Netherlands has also changed markedly since the last FSAP, largely in response to Brexit. The Netherlands is now of EU-wide significance in relation to the trading of securities, particularly equities, which has brought challenges for the national authorities. Further enhancements of its approach and a continuing focus on trading system operational resilience are now needed. The established venues are growing and diversifying their offerings, and ‘fintech’ new entrants with business models combining trading and post-trading operations in new ways are on the horizon. Enhancements to the legislative framework are now needed to ensure that the Autoriteit Financiële Markten can continue to supervise efficiently and effectively an expanded and more diverse market, and to engage credibly with international counterparts.
Keywords:
trading venue; managers directive; markets authority; trading obligation; money market funds; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Liquidity management; Liquidity; Liquidity risk; Financial derivatives; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Belgium: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper focuses on the report on Belgium’s Financial Sector Assessment Program. Economic activity has slowed, core inflation remains high, and the fiscal outlook is challenging. The financial sector has remained resilient despite a series of shocks. Key financial stability risks emanate from the large, concentrated, and interconnected banking sector, private sector indebtedness, and high exposure to real estate. Bank solvency stress tests indicate that the financial sector is resilient under severe macroeconomic shocks. Although there is some heterogeneity across financial institutions, all banks would satisfy the minimum capital criteria. The authorities should enhance the National Bank of Belgium’s powers to set macroprudential policy in line with its financial stability mandate. In the near term, the extension/ setting of capital requirements should be streamlined, without the requirement for government approval. There is scope to strengthen the corporate governance framework and expectations for banks, and boost prudential supervisory staffing, especially given upcoming regulatory developments.
Keywords:
bank solvency stress tests; insurance solvency stress test; NBB coordination; corporate governance framework; cash flow; B. bank Oversight; market share; Stress testing; Financial sector stability; Insurance companies; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Global; Europe
Cover Policy Papers
Review of the Flexible Credit Line, The Short Term Liquidity Line and the Precautionary and Liquidity Line, and Proposals for Reform
International Monetary Fund. Strategy, Policy, & Review Department
The Fund’s precautionary toolkit rests on the simple proposition that facilitating crisis prevention is far less costly than crisis resolution. Its value increases with systemic risk. Serial shocks to the global trading and financial systems pose significant and persistent headwinds for well-integrated emerging markets. An adequately funded global financial safety net (GFSN) with a suite of precautionary tools allows qualifying members to respond to balance of payments (BoP) shocks, reducing the incidence of crises and limiting contagion. The Fund is the only layer of the GFSN available to all members; other layers vary in their availability and externalities. In this context, the overarching objective of this review of the Flexible Credit Line (FCL), Short-term Liquidity Line (SLL), and Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) is to ensure that the precautionary facilities toolkit (henceforth “the toolkit”) is fit for purpose for the challenges ahead.
Keywords:
Flexible Credit Line (FCL); Short-term Liquidity Line (SLL); Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL); Global Financial Safety Net (GFSN); PLL qualification assessment; FCL arrangement; SLL reform package; qualification assessment; FCL user; SLL access; SLL instrument; SLL Arrangements; Balance of payments need; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Liquidity; Debt sustainability; Global; Western Hemisphere
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Mexico: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Mexico has had a robust financial system for many years. Banks have maintained high capital and liquidity buffers. However, the system provides less finance to the real economy than in peers. Mexico has experienced significant real GDP fluctuations since the Peso crisis but no major credit boom-bust cycles, given strong policy frameworks that have been further enhanced since the 2016 FSAP. The economy has strong external trade and financial linkages. These have been an important channel for transmitting global shocks. The financial system has been resilient to the COVID-19 pandemic, reflecting a mix of resumption in mobility and support from domestic and global policies. Buffers in the financial system have increased further during the pandemic. The key risk confronting Mexico is the first sustained and ongoing tightening of global liquidity conditions since the Global Financial Crisis.
Keywords:
bridge bank tool; Development bank; banking liquidity regulation committee; bank cash flow analysis result; liquidity stress test framework; climate finance strategy; Banco de México; bank solvency stress test result; Financial Sector Assessment Program; Commercial banks; Liquidity; Financial sector stability; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Nepal: Request for an Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility -Press Release; Staff Report; Debt Sustainability Analysis; Staff Supplement; Statement by the Executive Director for Nepal
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
The COVID-19 pandemic severely impacted Nepal’s economy. Tourist arrivals collapsed, domestic activity plummeted, and remittances have been volatile. As a result, balance of payments and fiscal financing gaps emerged. After growth was lower than expected in 2019/20, a gradual resumption in economic activity and a corresponding surge in imports and related tax receipts led to higher growth and improved fiscal outturns in 2020/21. However, important fiscal and external financing needs remain to support the COVID-19 response, facilitate a continued recovery, and maintain a comfortable level of reserves.
Keywords:
financing gap; procurement contract; ECF arrangement; November data; import surge; consumer price inflation; COVID-19; Debt relief; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
New Zealand: Financial Sector Assessment Program: Technical Note-Fund Management-Regulation, Supervision, and Systemic Risk Monitoring
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Note presents an assessment of Regulation, Supervision and Systemic Risk Monitoring in New Zealand. The overall regulatory framework for asset management is well developed, but would benefit from some enhancements to prevent the buildup of risks. The provision of custody services does not require a license in New Zealand, and custodians therefore fall outside the direct supervision of the Financial Markets Authority (FMA). They are neither subject to prudential requirements nor to ongoing supervision by any other authority. Given that custodians perform key functions regarding safeguarding investors’ assets, the government should require that these entities be licensed and subject to ongoing supervision by the FMA.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; MIS manager; FMC Act; license application; governing document; business models; FMA staff; investment strategy; MIS assets; MIS offer documents; Asset management; Asset valuation; Liquidity risk; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Corporate Restructuring and Its Macro Effects
Mr. Jongsoon Shin
This paper describes issues in Korea’s corporate sector, the need for restructuring, and the authorities’ initiatives and challenges. It then identifies lessons from other countries’ experience and conducts an econometric analysis based on cross-country aggregate data, compared with previous studies which mostly use firm-level data. This analysis finds that restructuring episodes, while sometimes challenging in the short term, have typically been associated with more rapid economic growth afterward. Corporate restructuring could have a negative effect on the labor and the financial markets in the short term, but is associated with positive growth through increased investment and capital productivity in the medium term, outpacing the negative effects.
Keywords:
WP; firm; debt; restructuring dummy; bank; corporate; Corporate debt; restructuring; macro effects; investment; unemployment; debt restructuring; shipping firm; firm structuring; debt-distressed firm; Debt restructuring; Capital productivity; Creditor bail-in; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Precautionary and Liquidity Line - Operational Guidance Note
International Monetary Fund
This note provides general guidance on the use of the Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL). After an overview of the instrument, explaining its specific nature, the operational issues are grouped into five areas: an outline of the process and specific steps that need to be followed if a member expresses interest in an arrangement; guidance on access, phasing, and purchases; guidance on determining qualification of a member and appropriate ex-post conditionality; and a guide to the semi-annual review process.
Keywords:
PP; Fund; PLL qualification criteria; financing; policy; PLL arrangement; PLL decision; PLL request; PLL resource; Balance of payments need; Communications in revenue administration; Macro-fiscal framework; Liquidity; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of Korea: Financial System Stability Assessment
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Financial System Stability Assessment report on the Republic of Korea highlights that the Korean economy is experiencing a modest recovery, helped by supportive monetary and fiscal policies and buoyant exports. GDP growth is expected to rebound to 2.8 percent in 2013, and strengthen further to 3.7 percent in 2014, in view of the projected global recovery and a gradual pickup in domestic demand. Inflation has fallen to 0.7 percent in October 2013 from 4.2 percent in 2011. With stronger exports and muted domestic demand, the current account surplus has widened and is expected to reach about 5.5 percent of GDP in 2013.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; BOK; market; procedure; FSS examination; banking sector; capital base; risk profile; bank recapitalization fund; banking group; market risk exposure; liquidity profile; bank default; rollover rate; return on assets; Stress testing; Commercial banks; Liquidity; Global