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Law > Business and Financial

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 36 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • Financial Institutions and Services: General x
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Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Kingdom of Eswatini: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Sector Stability Review
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
The IMF conducted a diagnostic review of the financial system of the Kingdom of Eswatini and proposed a Technical Assistance Roadmap to support the authorities’ detection of risks and vulnerabilities and to enhance capacity in financial sector oversight. The financial stability module focused on areas agreed with the country authorities: financial stability and systemic risk monitoring, macroprudential frameworks and tools; crisis management and financial safety net; and supervision and regulation of banks, nonbank deposit-taking institutions, insurance, and retirement funds. The financial sector statistics module focused on key gaps in monetary and financial statistics and financial soundness indicators that hamper financial stability analysis.
Keywords:
Kingdom of Eswatini; Eswatini; CBE; FSRA; FSSR; financial stability; systemic risk; macroprudential frameworks; stress testing; crisis management; financial safety net; banking supervision and regulation; nonbanking supervision and regulation; deposit-taking institutions; insurance; and retirement funds.; IMF MCM; IMF Financial Sector Stability Review; IMF's MCM department; CBE governor; financial institutions Act; Eswatini building societies; Financial sector stability; Nonbank financial institutions; Retirement; Insurance companies; Africa; Southern Africa; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
People’s Republic of China–Hong Kong Special Administrative Region: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note-Implications of Fintech for the Regulation and Supervision of the Financial Sector
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
he Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) is among the world’s major fintech hubs, well positioned to develop fintech initiatives from its traditional strengths in financial services. Key factors enabling the HKSAR to emerge as a fintech hub include its presence as an international financial center, its free-flowing talent and capital, a highly developed information and technology communication (ITC) infrastructure, and its most unique trait, a geographical and strategic advantage by proximity to the market in Mainland China.
Keywords:
People's Republic of China-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region FSAP; banking Supervision department; Hong Kong exchange; People's republic of china-Hong kong special administrative region; banking ordinance; Fintech; Blockchain and DLT; Financial sector; Artificial intelligence; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Trinidad and Tobago: Press Release; Financial System Stability Assessment; and Statement by the Executive Director for Trinidad and Tobago
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
The FSAP work was mostly conducted prior to the COVID-19 crisis. Given the FSAP’s focus on medium-term challenges and tail risks, its findings and recommendations for strengthening policy and institutional frameworks remain pertinent. As the growth projections were significantly revised downward since the FSAP, the quantitative risk analysis on bank solvency was complemented to include illustrative scenarios to quantify the possible implications of the COVID-19 shock on bank solvency.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; FSAP work; FSAP mission; FSSA report; CBTT plan; supervisory effectiveness; regulatory power; Commercial banks; Insurance companies; Mutual funds; COVID-19; Global; Caribbean
Cover FinTech Notes
Institutional Arrangements for Fintech Regulation and Supervision
Mr. Charles R Taylor, Christopher Wilson, Eija Holttinen, and Anastasiia Morozova
Fintech developments are shaking up mandates within the existing regulatory architecture. It is not uncommon for financial sector agencies to have multiple policy objectives. Most often the policy objectives for these agencies reflect prudential, conduct and financial stability policy objectives. In some cases, financial sector agencies are also allocated responsibility for enhancing competition and innovation. When it comes to fintech, countries differ to some extent in the manner they balance the objectives of promoting the development of fintech and regulating it. Countries see fintech as a means of achieving multiple policy objectives sometimes with lesser or greater degrees of emphasis, such as accelerating development and spurring financial inclusion, while others may support innovation with the objective of promoting competition and efficiency in the provision of financial services. This difference in emphasis may impact institutional structures, including the allocation of staff resources. Conflicts of interest arising from dual roles are sometimes managed through legally established prioritization of objectives or establishment of separate internal reporting lines for supervision and development.
Keywords:
FTN; fintech firm; fintech unit; Fintech development; fintech issue; fintech policy objective; fintech development; Fintech responsibility; fintech innovation; Fintech; Institutional arrangements for revenue administration; Financial sector; Global; Fintech regulation; SupervisionInstitutional arrangement; arrangements for Fintech regulation
Cover IMF Working Papers
A Behavioral Approach to Financial Supervision, Regulation, and Central Banking
Mr. Ashraf Khan
This paper describes how behavioral elements are relevant to financial supervision, regulation, and central banking. It focuses on (1) behavioral effects of norms (social, legal, and market); (2) behavior of others (internalization, identification, and compliance); and (3) psychological biases. It stresses that financial supervisors, regulators, and central banks have not yet realized the full potential that these behavioral elements hold. To do so, they need to devise a behavioral approach that includes aspects relating to individual and group behavior. The paper provides case examples of experiments with such an approach, including behavioral supervision. Finally, it highlights areas for further research.
Keywords:
WP; corporate governance; market norm; risk management; social science; crowding out
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Samoa: Financial Sector Assessment Program
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS The Samoan financial sector is dominated by commercial banks and Public Financial Institutions (PFIs). The four commercial banks provide almost 60 percent of credit to the economy, and the most important PFIs, the Samoa National Provident Fund, and the Development Bank of Samoa, account for around 30 percent. There is also a small and shrinking offshore banking sector without linkages to the domestic financial sector. Banks are liquid and report high capitalization, but close supervisory attention is required in light of high and rising non-performing loans (NPLs) and the results of the FSAP stress tests.1 Banks are still dealing with the effects from past natural disasters, and assessments of their health are impeded by the significant uncertainty surrounding the quality of balance sheet data, in particular on asset quality and provisioning. High loan concentration and exposure to natural disasters represent significant risks to the financial system. The stress tests illustrate that the local banks are relatively less resilient and could not withstand a severely adverse scenario. Thus, close monitoring, through on-site supervision and asset quality reviews, paired with prompt corrective action and a plan to address NPLs (including in PFIs) as needed, are top priorities. PFIs are particularly vulnerable to shocks due to low asset quality and strong linkages with state owned enterprises. This is largely the result of increased policy lending in response to the extraordinary economic stress from recent natural disasters. Significant stress in PFIs could have significant impact on other financial institutions (FIs) through the effect on the economy, and explicit and implicit government guarantees raise potential fiscal risks. The authorities, therefore, are encouraged to step up oversight of the PFIs, including through enhanced data collection and on-site reviews. Where substantial adjustments are needed, new lending should be restricted. The Central Bank of Samoa (CBS), as the main supervisor and regulator of domestic financial institutions, has made important efforts to strengthen its oversight in recent years. These efforts include conducting on-site inspections, introducing elements of risk-based supervision, expanding staff resources, initiating PFI supervision, submission of a new CBS Act (CBA) to reform governance and safeguards, promoting financial inclusion, and progress on Anti-Money Laundering and Combating Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT). Still, much remains to be done, including improving the quality and coverage of the financial sector data, upgrading legal, regulatory and supervisory frameworks, and building capacity and staff.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; bank; enterprise; PFIs Thus; lending; upgraded bank resolution regime; CBS supervision; asset quality; financial system; CBS securities; shore bank regulation; CBS policy rate; Commercial banks; Financial sector stability; Financial sector; Credit; Australia and New Zealand
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Luxembourg: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that Luxembourg’s economic model, emphasizing fiscal stability, openness, firm prudential oversight, and responsiveness to investor needs, is delivering strong growth. Buoyant financial services exports contributed to real growth of close to 3 percent in 2014, with strong job creation. Budget 2015 launched a multi-year fiscal consolidation aimed at offsetting falling revenues from electronic commerce. The economy faces important challenges going forward. Evolving international tax transparency standards, in which Luxembourg is participating fully, could impact the revenue base. Growth is projected at 2.5 percent in 2015.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; center; budget proposal; government; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; growth assumption; authorities' April update; growth program; EU initiative; Luxembourg's economy; Financial sector; Loans; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Working Papers
The Development of Local Capital Markets: Rationale and Challenges
Mr. Luc Laeven
Capital markets can improve risk sharing and the efficiency with which capital is allocated to the real economy, boosting economic growth and welfare. However, despite these potential benefits, not all countries have well developed capital markets. Moreover, government-led initiatives to develop local capital markets have had mixed success. This paper reviews the literature on the benefits and costs of developing local capital markets, and describes the challenges faced in the development of such markets. The paper concludes with a set of policy recommendations emerging from this literature.
Keywords:
WP; capital market; bond market; market; market development; local capital markets; stock markets; bond markets; capital market development; economic development; financial markets; fully fledged physical capital capital market; investor right; market conduct; physical capital; market size; Securities markets; Capital markets; Financial market infrastructure; Securities regulation; Global