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Law > Business and Financial

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Cover Technical Assistance Reports
Kingdom of Eswatini: Technical Assistance Report-Financial Sector Stability Review
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department and International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
The IMF conducted a diagnostic review of the financial system of the Kingdom of Eswatini and proposed a Technical Assistance Roadmap to support the authorities’ detection of risks and vulnerabilities and to enhance capacity in financial sector oversight. The financial stability module focused on areas agreed with the country authorities: financial stability and systemic risk monitoring, macroprudential frameworks and tools; crisis management and financial safety net; and supervision and regulation of banks, nonbank deposit-taking institutions, insurance, and retirement funds. The financial sector statistics module focused on key gaps in monetary and financial statistics and financial soundness indicators that hamper financial stability analysis.
Keywords:
Kingdom of Eswatini; Eswatini; CBE; FSRA; FSSR; financial stability; systemic risk; macroprudential frameworks; stress testing; crisis management; financial safety net; banking supervision and regulation; nonbanking supervision and regulation; deposit-taking institutions; insurance; and retirement funds.; IMF MCM; IMF Financial Sector Stability Review; IMF's MCM department; CBE governor; financial institutions Act; Eswatini building societies; Financial sector stability; Nonbank financial institutions; Retirement; Insurance companies; Africa; Southern Africa; East Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Iceland: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Technical Note on Pension Fund Regulation and Supervision
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This technical note analyses the key aspects of the regulatory and supervisory regime for pension funds in Iceland. Pension funds in Iceland play a vital role in the domestic financial sector, acting as investors and lenders. This Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) reviews recent developments and the structure of the Icelandic pension fund sector. This technical note provides context on the Icelandic pension system, focusing in particular on the compulsory occupational scheme in Pillar II, the most important pillar of the system. The pension fund sector is large, well developed, and highly interconnected with the domestic financial system, mainly through exposures toward banks and domestic investment funds. A separate technical note summarizes the results of the risk analysis carried out for the pension fund sector and elaborates more on current market risk sensitivities. The governance and internal controls framework for pension funds is not aligned with the systemic role of the sector, and the underlying rules in the Pension Fund Act pre-date the corresponding provisions for other financial sectors. The Financial Supervisory Authority has adopted a risk-based and forward-looking supervisory model, however there is no minimum frequency set for on-site inspections. The FSAP recommends a strengthening of the legislative framework, especially regarding governance, internal controls and outsourcing.
Keywords:
pension fund regulation; finance disclosure regulation; insurance supervisor; staff team of the International Monetary Fund; pension supervisor; Pension spending; Financial stability assessment; Pensions; Internal controls; Pension fund supervision; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bulgaria: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; Staff Supplement; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bulgaria
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Article IV Consultation highlights that economic performance remains robust but risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside amid slowing external demand. Sound macroeconomic policies notwithstanding, Bulgaria faces a sizable income gap vis-à-vis the EU average and unfavorable demographic prospects. The main policy challenge is to raise growth potential, which calls for broad-based structural reforms to improve public goods provision and institutions. The Article IV discussions focused on medium-term reforms to improve public goods provision and raise potential growth and on near-term policies to enhance financial sector stability. Fiscal policy is broadly appropriate, but the efficiency of spending and revenue administration could be further improved. Stronger public investment management would improve investment efficiency and transparency. Better performance of state-owned enterprises would help raise growth potential and mitigate fiscal risks. Bank profits have risen and non-performing loans (NPLs) have continued to decline, although they are still high among EU countries. The central bank should ensure that banks with high NPLs have adequate capital buffers.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Revised Staff's projection; IMF TA; IMF staff estimate; authority; staff's projection; banking sector supervision; preliminary data; potential GDP; Wages; Capital spending; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Chile: 2016 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Chile
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights that GDP growth in Chile has been weak, with activity slowing in October. However, conditions are in place for the economy to recover. After expanding by a moderate 1.7 percent in 2016, growth is forecast to increase to 2 percent in 2017. Faster growth in main regional partners and more stable copper prices are expected to lift exports and investment. The recovery is, however, projected to be gradual, held back by slow wage and job growth and still low business confidence. The financial sector appears healthy. Banks’ profitability is declining, but capital buffers are adequate and nonperforming loan rates are low.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; expectations survey; expectation; monetary policy rate; November survey; staff appraisal; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; Pension spending; Credit; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Iceland: 2016 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Iceland
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This paper provides an assessment of the economic conditions, outlook, and crises in Iceland. There is a mounting sense that capital controls hurt growth prospects, repressing local financial markets, scaring foreign investors, and impeding savings diversification, and that it is time for them to go. Recent settlements with the bank estates are a huge step forward, improving already favorable macroeconomic conditions. At 4 percent in 2015 and gaining pace, real GDP expansion is among the fastest growing in Europe, opening up a positive output gap. However, the biggest risk for Iceland is overheating. Large wage awards on top of already hot economic readings speak to Iceland’s boom-bust history.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; Iceland; right; CBI governor; IMF staff projection; CBI transactions; inflation expectation; baseline projection; asset price pressure; Bank supervision; Capital account liberalization; Capital controls; Wages; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bulgaria: 2015 Article IV Consultation-Staff Report; Press Release; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bulgaria
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that Bulgaria achieved modest economic growth in 2014, which is expected to continue in 2015, albeit at a lower rate. Consumer prices declined by an average 1.6 percent in 2014, among the sharpest contractions in the European Union, but are projected to turn positive late in the year. The banking system has shown substantial resilience to the damage to confidence resulting from the bank failure. The budget targets a 3 percent of GDP deficit in 2015, and a further 0.5 percentage point reduction per year in coming years. Measures to improve the composition and quality of expenditure and mitigate contingent liabilities arising from state-owned enterprises remain the key.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; government Spring Forecast; liquidity support framework; Bulgaria; Bulgarian authorities; income convergence; asset-price uncertainty; support depositor confidence; government activity; Income; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
United States: Financial Sector Assessment Program-Detailed Assessment of Observance on the Insurance Core Principles
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Observance of the Insurance Core Principles on the United States. The assessment finds a reasonable level of observance of the Insurance Core Principles. There are many areas of strength, including at state level the powerful capacity for financial analysis with peer group review and challenge through the processes of the National Association of Insurance Commissioners. Lead state regulation is developing and a network of international supervisory colleges has been put in place. Key areas for development include the valuation standard of the state regulators, especially for life insurance, and group capital standards.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; State regulator; parent company; insurance department; financial condition; insurance coverage; risk management; insurance regulator; corporate governance; insurance group; life insurance; Insurance companies; Insurance; Insurance supervision; Legal support in revenue administration; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda to the International Monetary and Financial Committee
International Monetary Fund
etary and Financial Committee Publication Date: April 5, 2014 Electronic Access:Free Full Text. Use the free Adobe Acrobat Reader to view this PDF file Summary:Global activity is strengthening, but the recovery is uneven and remains too weak for comfort, with geopolitical tensions injecting new concerns. Key challenges include risks from a lasting rise in capital flow volatility for emerging and frontier economies and very low inflation in advanced economies, especially the euro area. Creating a more dynamic, job rich global economy remains our collective goal. For this, policymakers should manage the recovery more actively and reinforce their cooperation to minimize negative spillovers and promote financial stability. The Executive Summary is also available in Arabic , Chinese, French, Japanese, Russian , and Spanish.
Keywords:
PP; emerging market economy; policy; exchange rate; market; economy; Policy implementation; policy priority; policy framework; policy uncertainty; limit policy risk; debt ceiling; Fund policy; market volatility; policy spillover; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Global
Cover Policy Papers
Managing Director’s Global Policy Agenda to the International Monetary and Financial Committee
International Monetary Fund
Over the past five years much has been done to avoid the worst and stave off a great depression. While the recovery has been disappointing until recently, there are some encouraging signs that activity is strengthening in advanced economies. Breaking the cycle of growth shortfalls and recurring market jitters requires carefully managing multiple transitions that are already underway. These transitions include the normalization of global financial conditions; a shift in global growth dynamics, and a rebalancing of global demand; and the completion of reforms to the international financial system. Much more ambitious reform implementation and policy coherence are needed to address these challenges and avoid five more years of growth disappointments.
Keywords:
PP; policy; Fund; EME; labor market; risk; downside risk; governance structure; long-standing labor market; sustainability risk; B. emerging market economies; spillover risk; fund resource; stability risk; market volatility; Fiscal consolidation; Emerging and frontier financial markets; Job creation; Structural reforms; Global