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Asia and Pacific > Lao People's Democratic Republic

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Cover Departmental Papers
Structural Transformation in Employment and Productivity: What Can Africa Hope For?
Ms. Louise Fox, Mr. Alun H. Thomas, and Cleary Haines
This paper provides the most complete analysis of the structural transformation among low- and low-middle-income countries in sub-Saharan Africa to date.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; Sub-Saharan Africa; share; employment share; wage employment; employment transformation; employment structure; type category; employment transition; Employment; Labor force; Productivity; Agricultural sector; Labor productivity; East Asia; Africa; South Asia; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This paper focuses on Second Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper for Lao People’s Democratic Republic. The economic sectors have undergone significant restructuring. This restructuring has been concentrated on production capacities, quality and efficiency, thus contributing to economic growth and meeting the initial requirements for international integration. The government has also concentrated on the development of agricultural production to reorient the agriculture sector from semisubsistence and subsistence to commercial production to ensure the enhanced supply of raw materials to the processing industries, meeting the growing domestic requirements for agricultural products, and rapidly expanding agricultural exports.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; financial market; investment funds; foreign direct investment; natural resources; economic development; private sector; state-owned enterprise; credit system; market economy; cement factory; monetary management; Agricultural sector; Global; Mekong; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund
This Selected Issues paper examines the reform of state-owned banks and enterprises in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). It highlights that recurring high levels of nonperforming loans of state-owned commercial banks have been caused by internal factors, including continued weak credit risk management, lack of skilled and experienced credit personnel, and poor credit culture. The paper outlines the recent and prospective improvements in public expenditure management, and briefly discusses the recent developments in expenditure by focusing on sectoral composition. The paper also summarizes the financial information on the hydroelectric power sector.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Lao P.D.R.; enterprise; Lao P.D.R. authorities; consumer goods; Lao national; import-export enterprise; annual debt service; staff estimate; Debt service; Nonperforming loans; Capital spending; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover Fiscal Dimensions of Sustainable Development
Fiscal Dimensions of Sustainable Development
International Monetary Fund

Abstract

Fiscal policy affects sustainable development through its effects on growth, the environment, and resource development. What are the relationships between fiscal policy and sustainable development, and how does the IMF seek to promote sustainable development in its policy advice? What lessons have been learned so far, and how can governments, the international community, and international financial institutions more fully support sustainable development?

Keywords:
PAM; spending; government; country; government expenditure policy; governance; IMF's mandate; poverty strategy; contribution to sustainable development; balance of payments crisis; sound public expenditure management; Health care spending; Sustainable development; Africa; Global; East Asia
Cover IMF Working Papers
Inflation and Growth in Transition: Are the Asian Economies Different?
Mr. Torsten M Sloek and Mr. Sanja Kalra
This paper examines the progress made in four Asian transition economies—China, Lao P.D.R., Vietnam, and Mongolia—to market-based systems. Overall, these economies appear to have had a more favorable experience with inflation stabilization and output growth than that of transition economies elsewhere. While initial conditions played an important role in determining the strategy and speed of the transition, growth performance benefited from continued macroeconomic stability and reforms in a key sector (such as agriculture); this confirms the need for sustained and rapid structural reforms and highlights the constraints for sustainable growth posed by weak financial and enterprise sectors.
Keywords:
WP; economy; BRO economy; transition economy; Transition economies; Asia; growth; inflation; structural reforms; BRO country; inflation stabilization effort; economic system; inflation performance; Agricultural sector; Public enterprises; Disinflation; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Lao People's Democratic Republic: Recent Economic Developments
International Monetary Fund
This paper describes economic developments in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) during the 1990s. Economic reforms in Lao PDR that started in 1986 were supported by IMF arrangements in 1989–97. During those years, the economy grew annually at 5 percent to 8 percent and through prudent macroeconomic policies, the government managed to achieve broadly stable macroeconomic conditions. Meanwhile, structural reforms took shape, so that market processes are now at work in most segments of the economy. However, in 1997, economic conditions deteriorated and progress in structural reform slowed significantly.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; U.S. dollar; Lao authority; commercial bank; banking system; broad money; Lao authorities; Thai baht; balance of payments; Lao embassy; Lao aviation; capital goods; narrow money; Lao investor; Commercial banks; Imports; Agroindustries; Monetary base; Exports; East Asia; Global; Developments in the balance of payments; IMF UR; recent Developments; government of the Lao People's Democratic Republic
Cover IMF and the Environment
IMF and the Environment
Mr. Ved P. Gandhi

Abstract

In recent years, observers have called on the IMF to pay closer attention to certain issues that do not fall directly within its mandate, such as the environment. This booklet reviews IMF's approach to environmental issues and when and how the IMF integrates environmental concerns into its work.

Keywords:
MTU; country; policy; government; IMF policy recommendation; The Executive Board of the IMF; IMF Policy Framework Papers; stabilization program; policy reform; IMF survey; IMF financial support; adjustment program; IMF mission; ESAF arrangement; Environmental policy; Natural resources; Agroindustries; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Lao People's Democratic Republic: Recent Economic Developments
International Monetary Fund
This paper reviews economic developments in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) during 1992–95. To highlight in more detail the factors that contributed to Lao PDRs macroeconomic performance during 1992–95, the paper analyzes the developments in macroeconomic variables and policy actions. It also notes that real GDP growth, averaging about 7 percent during 1992–95, was attributable to a rapid expansion of manufacturing, construction, and tourism, as well as strong growth in agriculture in 1992 and 1994.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; U.S. dollar; broad money; exchange rate; central bank; foreign direct investment; real GDP; Lao P.D.R.; Lao authorities; banking system; land tax; capital expenditure; Commercial banks; Exports; Agroindustries; Budget planning and preparation; Imports; East Asia
Cover Inflation and Growth in China
Inflation and Growth in China

Abstract

The linkage between inflation and economic growth has been the subject of considerable interest and debate. The 18 papers included in this volume comprise the proceedings of a conference on inflation and growth in China that brought together academics, officials and IMF staff members. The papers edited by Manuel Guitián and Robert Mundell, examine issues in international exeperiences with inflation and growth, long-run and short-run structural problems related tgo growth and inflation in China, and the framework in which monetary, fiscal, and exchange rate policies are formulated in China.

Keywords:
BOOK; part iii Monetary; inflation rate; economic system; monetary policy objective; central bank's monetary policy; Inflation; Agricultural commodities; Agricultural sector; Personal income; Comparative advantage; Eastern Europe; Central Asia; East Asia; Central America; Baltics; inflation-growth link; Exports; Asia and Pacific