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Business and Economics > Industries: Service

You are looking at 1 - 10 of 106 items

Cover IMF Working Papers
Promoting Innovation: The Differential Impact of R&D Subsidies
Reda Cherif, Fuad Hasanov, Christoph Grimpe, and Wolfgang Sofka
We investigate the effect of R&D subsidies on firms’ innovation by ownership, industry, and firm size using German firm-level data. The impact of R&D subsidies is heterogeneous across industries for multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic firms while it does not differ substantially by firm size. Domestic firms have a larger response in R&D spending in low-tech manufacturing, knowledge-intensive services, and technological services while the response of domestic and foreign MNCs is broadly similar and is greater in medium-tech and high-tech manufacturing. Foreign MNC subsidiaries’ response in terms of patents is greater than that of domestic MNCs in most industries.
Keywords:
Innovation; patents; research and development; R&D; subsidies; multinationals; investment; technology policy; R&D subsidy; high-tech manufacturing; subsidiaries' response; low-tech manufacturing; R&D spending; Transnational corporations; Manufacturing; Services sector; Government subsidies; Investment policy; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
People’s Republic of China: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

This paper explores the implications of recently signed trade and investment agreements for reform in China. To that end, it reviews the historical experience of WTO accession and provides a preliminary analysis of the consequences the new agreements could have on further opening up and domestic structural reforms.

Keywords:
IPR protection; WTO accession; reform commitment; government procurement; commerce ministry; Trade agreements; Trade in services; Dispute resolution; Competition; Services sector; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
China's Rebalancing and Gender Inequality
Mariya Brussevich and Ms. Era Dabla-Norris
This paper examines gender inequality in the context of structural transformation and rebalancing in China. We document declining women's relative wages and labor force participation in China during the last two decades, despite rapid growth and expansion of the service sector. Using household data, we provide evidence consistent with a U-shaped relationship between economic development and women's labor market outcomes. Using a model of structural transformation, we show that labor market barriers for women have increased over time. Model counterfactuals suggest that removing these barriers and increasing service sector productivity can boost both gender equality and economic growth in China.
Keywords:
household data; gender wage gap; CHIP wage data; female-to-male wage ratio; gender earnings gap; Women; Gender inequality; Wages; Services sector; Labor supply; Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Nigeria: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

Selected Issues

Keywords:
foreign direct investment; agriculture sector; economic dependence; state intervention; government policy; Services sector; Imports; Global; IT services industry; Digital economy