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Business and Economics > Industries: Information Technololgy

You are looking at 1 - 9 of 9 items for :

  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • China, People's Republic of x
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Cover FinTech Notes
BigTech in Financial Services: Regulatory Approaches and Architecture
Parma Bains, Nobuyasu Sugimoto, and Christopher Wilson
BigTech firms are gradually entering the financial sector and becoming important service providers, particularly in emerging markets. BigTechs have entered financial services using platform-based technology to facilitate payments and more recently expanded into other areas, such as lending, asset management, and insurance services. They accumulate data from their nonfinancial and financial activities and draw on consumer data held in different parts of their business (such as via social media). BigTechs are applying new approaches to existing financial services products and services such as underwriting using big data and are also applying machine learning for their key business decisions, such as pricing and risk management across multiple financial sectors. Incumbent financial firms have also increased their reliance on BigTech firms to host core IT systems (for example, cloud-based services, which have the potential to improve efficiency and security). This rapid and significant expansion of BigTechs in financial services and their interconnectedness with financial service firms are potentially creating new channels of systemic risks. To achieve effective implementation and multiple objectives of financial regulation and supervision, a hybrid approach, combining a mix of entity- and activity-based approaches, is needed.
Keywords:
financial services industry; BigTech in financial services; financial services products; core IT system; home supervisor; Fintech; Systemic risk; Financial sector stability; Emerging technologies; Global
Cover Departmental Papers
Digitalization and Taxation in Asia
Ms. Era Dabla-Norris, Ruud de Mooij, Andrew Hodge, Jan Loeprick, Dinar Prihardini, Ms. Alpa Shah, Sebastian Beer, Sonja Davidovic, Arbind M Modi, and Fan Qi
Digitalization in Asia is pervasive, unique, and growing. It stands out by its sheer scale, with internet users far exceeding numbers in other regions. This facilitates e-commerce in markets that are large by international standards, supported by innovative payment systems and featuring major corporate players, including a number of large, home-grown, highly digitalized businesses (tech giants) that rival US multinational enterprises (MNEs) in size. Opportunity for future growth exists, as a significant population share remains unconnected.
Keywords:
reform option; tech giant; tax design; reform proposal; OECD-Inclusive Framework; Value-added tax; Corporate income tax; Income and capital gains taxes; Digitalization; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Stay Competitive in the Digital Age: The Future of Banks
Miss Estelle X Liu
The latest advancement in financial technology has posed unprecedented challenges for incumbent banks. This paper analyzes the implications of these challenges on bank competitveness, and explores the factors that could support digital advancement in banks. The analysis shows that the traditionally leading role of banks in advancing financial technology has diminished in recent years, and suggests that onoing efforts to catch up to the digital frontier could lead to a more concentrated banking industry, as smaller and less tech-savvy banks struggle to survive. Cross-country evidence has suggested that banks in high-income economies appear to have been the digital leaders, likely benefiting from a sound digital infrastructure, a strong legal and business environment, and healthy competition. Nonetheless, some digital leaders may fall behind in the coming years in adopting newer technologies due to entrenched consumer behavior favoring older technologies, less active fintech and bigtech companies, and weak bank balance sheets.
Keywords:
Banks; WP; bank digitalization; digitalization progress; bank service digitalization; bank characteristic; bank competitiveness; Digitalization; bank concentration; bank condition; bank firm; Emerging technologies; Financial sector development; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Is Digitalization Driving Domestic Inflation?
Mr. Balazs Csonto, Yuxuan Huang, and Mr. Camilo E Tovar Mora
This paper examines the extent to which digitalization—measured by a new proxy based on IP addresses allocations per country—has influenced inflation dynamics in a sample of 36 advanced and emerging economies over 2000-2017. Phillips curve estimates show that digitalization has a statistically significant negative effect on inflation in the short run. Its economic impact is not large but has increased since 2012 and mainly operates through a cost/competition channel. Principal components and cointegration analysis further suggest digitalization is a key driver of lower trend inflation.
Keywords:
WP; Phillips curve; Inflation; Digitalization; IP Address; Internet; inflation expectation; inflation dynamics; food inflation; inflation trend; inflation variation; trend inflation; inflation gap; Global value chains; Digital economy; Output gap; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
China’s Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks
Ms. Longmei Zhang and Ms. Sally Chen
China’s digital economy has expanded rapidly in recent years. While average digitalization of the economy remains lower than in advanced economies, digitalization is already high in certain regions and sectors, in particular e-commerce and fintech, and costal regions. Such transformation has boosted productivity growth, with varying impact on employment across sectors. Going forward, digitalization will continue to reshape the Chinese economy by improving efficiency, softening though not reversing, the downward trend of potential growth as the economy matures. The government should play a vital role in maximizing the benefits of digitalization while minimizing related risks, such as potential labor disruption, privacy infringement, emerging oligopolies, and financial risks.
Keywords:
WP; China; firm; payment; industry; pay; Digital economy; Fintech; Productivity; Employment; Financial stability; fintech company; market structure; money market fund; data sharing; venture capital; fintech industry; aggregate employment growth; third-party payment platform; supply chain; firms in the U.S.; ICT company; third-party payment system; Digitalization; Information technology in revenue administration; Global
Cover Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Asia Pacific
Regional Economic Outlook, October 2018, Asia Pacific
Asia at the Forefront: Growth Challenges for the Next Decade and Beyond
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

Abstract

Growth in the first half of 2018 was softer than in 2017, especially in advanced economies. In contrast, growth remained robust in emerging market economies and broadly in line with expectations. After rising to 6.9 percent in 2017, growth in China continued to be strong into the first half of 2018 but has likely slowed since, given the latest high-frequency indicators, including weakening investment growth. In Japan, after exceeding potential for two years, growth dropped into negative territory in the first quarter of 2018 before rebounding sharply in the second quarter. In India, growth continues to recover steadily after the disruptions related to demonetization and the rollout of the goods and services tax in the last fiscal year.1 And in ASEAN-4 economies (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Thailand), growth generally lost momentum in the first half of 2018, except in Thailand.

Keywords:
REO; IMF staff calculation; economy; trade; growth strategy; growth; growth slowdown; Asia's growth; growth engine; trade tension scenario; Productivity; Total factor productivity; Tariffs; Digitalization; Global financial crisis of 2008-2009; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover Fiscal Monitor, April 2018
Fiscal Monitor, April 2018
Capitalizing on Good Times
International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.

Abstract

This report discusses fiscal trends in policies aimed at reducing fiscal vulnerabilities and boosting medium-term growth, recent fiscal developments and the fiscal outlook in advanced economies, emerging markets, and low-income developing countries; recent trends in government debt and analysis of changes in fiscal balances, revenue, and spending; potential fiscal risks; and growth from the fiscal policies. It also describes how digitalization can help governments improve implementation of current policy and widen the range of policy options, and opportunities and risks for fiscal policy, including improvements in policy implementation, the design of future policy, and how digitalization can create opportunities for fraud and increase government vulnerabilities.

Keywords:
FM; term id; debt; country abbreviation; commodity exporter; statistics manual; middle-income economy; value-added tax; reform agenda; Fiscal stance; Digitalization; Global; Africa; Middle East; Asia and Pacific; North Africa; government payment; tax authorities; financial crisis; trade gap; pricing system; Caribbean; Sub-Saharan Africa
Cover Policy Papers
Measuring the Digital Economy
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
Digitalization encompasses a wide range of new applications of information technology in business models and products that are transforming the economy and social interactions. Digitalization is both an enabler and a disruptor of businesses. The lack of a generally agreed definition of the “digital economy” or “digital sector” and the lack of industry and product classification for Internet platforms and associated services are hurdles to measuring the digital economy. This paper distinguishes between the “digital sector” and the increasingly digitalized modern economy, often called the “digital economy,” and focuses on the measurement of the digital sector. The digital sector covers the core activities of digitalization, ICT goods and services, online platforms, and platform-enabled activities such as the sharing economy.
Keywords:
PP; consumer surplus; rate of change; OECD country; capital formation; data user; fixed capital; GDP compiler; imputed income; market production; real GDP; digital economy; source data; cost of living; merchandise trade statistics; production boundary; Digital economy; Sharing economy; Digitalization; Price indexes; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Political Risk Aversion
Ms. Laura Valderrama
This paper studies the effect of individual uncertainty on collective decision-making to implement innovation. We show how individual uncertainty creates a bias for the status quo even under irreversible voting decisions, in contrast with Fernandez and Rodrik (1991). Blocking innovation is rooted in the aversion to the potential loss of political clout in future voting decisions. Thus, risk neutral individuals exhibit what we call political risk aversion. Yet individual uncertainty is not all bad news as it may open the door to institutional reform. We endogenize institutional reform and show a non-monotonic relationship between institutional efficiency and the size of innovation.
Keywords:
WP; status quo; risk neutrality; political economy