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Business and Economics > Agribusiness

You are looking at 1 - 3 of 3 items for :

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  • Philippines x
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Cover IMF Working Papers
The Agricultural Exodus in the Philippines: Are Wage Differentials Driving the Process?
Mr. Eugenio M Cerutti and Yiliang Li
Lagging labor reallocations outside agriculture amid sustained low agricultural productivity have been a key feature in the Philippines over the past 15 years. An analysis of the labor adjustments in and out of agriculture shows that a variety of factors have influenced this process. We find that the widening of wage differentials with non-agricultural sectors, improvements in labor market efficiency, and better transport infrastructure are largely associated with growing outflows of labor from agriculture, whilst the lack of post-primary education and the presence of agricultural clusters hinder such outflows. In contrast to the traditional view that agricultural employment outflows are largely driven by productivity differences and wage differentials, our results emphasize the roles of education as well as transport infrastructure in facilitating labor reallocations from agriculture to non-agriculture.
Keywords:
real wage wage differential; time series trend; efficiency index; job separation; agriculture performance; labor adjustment; Labor markets; Agricultural sector; Employment; Real wages; Global
Cover Strategies for Structural Adjustment
Strategies for Structural Adjustment
The Experience of Southeast Asia, papers presented at a seminar held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, June 28-July 1, 1989
Mr. Ungku Abdul Aziz

Abstract

This collection of papers delivered at a seminar, moderated by Ungku A. Aziz, in Kuala Lumpur addresses issues of economic and structural adjustment and trade and exchange rate policies in Southeast Asia.

Keywords:
BOOK; structural adjustment; export; country; economy; developing country; industrializing economy; world recession; federal budget; resource gap; Exports; Exchange rates; Imports; Trade policy; South Asia; Southeast Asia; East Asia; Asia and Pacific; Global
Cover Finance & Development
Finance & Development, September 1986
International Monetary Fund. External Relations Dept.
This paper examines the trade and pricing policies in world agriculture. In the United States, the government pays farmers not to grow cereals and in the European Community, farmers are paid to grow more. Many have raised nominal producer prices but followed macroeconomic and exchange rate policies that left real producer prices unchanged or lower than before. Many have set up complex systems of producer taxation, and then established equally complex and frequently ineffectual systems of subsidies for inputs to offset that taxation.
Keywords:
FD; F&D; EEC Treaty; currency; exchange rate; country; developing country; home currency; LDC terms of trade; Third World policy; export receipt; steel community; Currencies; Exchange rates; Transportation; Conventional peg; Agricultural sector; Africa; Global; Sub-Saharan Africa; Caribbean; South Asia