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Books and Analytical Papers > IMF Staff Country Reports

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: 2024 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
The 2024 Article IV Consultation highlights that as Vanuatu was recovering from the multiple natural disasters of 2023, the voluntary liquidation of Air Vanuatu in May 2024 created a major shock with significant effects on growth and business confidence. There is a strong need to address immediate risks to growth and stability, and then redouble efforts to rebuild buffers and tackle structural issues with policy reforms. Fiscal challenges abound and call for urgent and comprehensive action. In the near term, targeted and strategic support is needed to help stabilize the economy, while ensuring fiscal accounts remain under control. Monetary policy is appropriately accommodative but monetary financing needs to be reduced and eventually stopped. The currency basket needs close monitoring. Structural issues remain ever important, and action is needed such as reprioritization of investment needs and integration to the medium-term fiscal strategy, and an increase in efforts to address labor shortages and skills drain.
Keywords:
control environment; article IV consultation mission; recapitalization plan; Vanuatu's authorities; internal audit function; Debt sustainability analysis; Debt sustainability; Pacific Islands; Global; Australia and New Zealand
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This Selected Issues paper discusses sea-level rise impacts and adaptation in Vanuatu. Sea-level will continue to increase during this century directly caused by global warming and melting of terrestrial ice. While Vanuatu cannot control global sea-level, it can manage how it affects the country by adapting. Staff analysis estimates the cost of sea-level rise under alternative adaptation strategies: (1) no-adaptation; (2) protection; and (3) planned retreat. Such analysis can help the government to identify trade-offs between efficiency and equity, and choose according to the preferences of the population, consistent with public finance objectives. Preliminary results show that complete protection of coastal areas in Vanuatu is costly while planned retreat from the coastline is the least-cost adaptation response. However, given the mountainous nature of the islands, only small areas of the main population centers of Port Vila and Luganville are at risk of being permanently inundated even with very high sea level rise.
Keywords:
summary statistics; sea-level rise; surface temperature; adaptation in Vanuatu; Vanuatu with CIAM; Climate change; Environmental policy; Natural disasters; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Vanuatu
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that following a successful coronavirus disease 2019 containment strategy, the border reopened in July 2022, and tourism is returning to Vanuatu. Economic activity is expected to be strong in the near term, with real gross domestic product growing around 3.4 percent in 2023, as tourism and construction activities resume. High imported prices are likely to stoke inflation and push the current account into deficit, while fiscal policy will turn more expansionary. The report recommends capitalizing on the recovery to adopt a credible medium-term fiscal strategy, consolidate, and enact meaningful reforms. The strategy should contain new revenue mobilization policies, including a well-designed income tax, and an expenditure rationalization agenda, while protecting productive and climate-critical infrastructure spending. Coordination toward careful calibration of an appropriate fiscal and monetary policy mix is needed to keep inflation under control while supporting growth. The exchange rate should continue to act as a shock absorber.
Keywords:
staff appraisal; reconstruction effort; fuel shortage; money market rate; baseline projection; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; ECP revenue; Natural disasters; External sector statistics; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Global; Pacific Islands; Australia and New Zealand; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: 2021 Article IV Consultation -Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Vanuatu
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Border closures and other pandemic containment measures have kept Vanuatu free from COVID-19. However, they have dealt a heavy blow to economic activity as tourism has come to a virtual halt. On top of the pandemic, Tropical Cyclone Harold and a volcanic eruption in Tanna Island caused extensive economic damage in 2020. In the context of a continued loss of correspondent banking relationships (CBRs) in the Pacific, Vanuatu also lost a key CBR at end-June 2021. Air Vanuatu, one of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs), is in the process of being restructured.
Keywords:
Vanuatu economy; Vanuatu authorities; authorities in Vanuatu; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; money market rate; Natural disasters; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); External sector statistics; Pacific Islands; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: Technical Assistance Report-Feasibility Study on the Introduction of Quarterly National Accounts
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
The Vanuatu National Statistics Office (VNSO) requested a mission by the IMF’s Pacific Financial Technical Assistance Centre (PFTAC) for conducting a feasibility study on the implementation of a quarterly national accounts (QNA) in Vanuatu. This study outlines the staff, organizational and data requirements for Vanuatu to implement a quarterly national accounts program.
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Vanuatu
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Four years after Cyclone Pam struck Vanuatu causing extensive damages, reconstruction is near completion with full recovery in sight. The authorities are now focused on implementing their broader development plans that were slowed by the rebuilding process, which will require fiscal discipline and reforms to maintain debt sustainability. The authorities should continue their constructive engagement with development partners for technical assistance, capacity development, and concessional and grant-based funding. In parallel continuing to reform and strengthen the governance of institutions and removing vulnerabilities to corruption will be important.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; authority; Vanuatu; exchange rate; debt; IMF banking sector diagnostic; monetary policy stance; IMF quota; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; Vanuatu authorities; debt management framework; Natural disasters; Loans; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Australia and New Zealand; Pacific Islands; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Three years after Cyclone Pam struck Vanuatu causing extensive damages, reconstruction efforts are near completion with full recovery in sight. However, capacity constraints and coordination issues have hampered the use of committed funds by donors and development partners, thereby slowing down recovery. Meanwhile, the government’s ambitious development agenda is making good progress with several major infrastructure projects completed or projected to be completed in the next year.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; Vanuatu; IMF staff estimate; accommodative monetary policy stance; debt service; IMF quota; inflation pressure; debt dynamics; Natural disasters; Infrastructure; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Pacific Islands; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Vanuatu: 2016 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Vanuatu
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This 2016 Article IV Consultation highlights that Vanuatu’s economy is gradually recovering from the extensive damages caused by Cyclone Pam, which hit the country in March 2015. The cyclone led to a decline in GDP of about 0.8 percent in 2015. The current account deficit widened to 11 percent of GDP in 2015 from an average of 3 percent of GDP in the previous three years. Near-term prospects are favorable, but risks to the outlook are tilted to the downside. Real GDP growth is expected to reach 4 percent in 2016 and 4.5 percent in 2017 driven by the recovery in tourism and agriculture, and further ramping-up of infrastructure projects.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; real GDP; infrastructure plan; U.S. dollar; Vanuatu authorities; government finances; inflation pressure; monetary policy stance; Natural disasters; Infrastructure; Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt; Pacific Islands; Asia and Pacific; Australia and New Zealand