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Books and Analytical Papers > IMF Staff Country Reports

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Uruguay: 2024 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
The 2024 Article IV Consultation discusses that in 2023, Uruguay confronted the impact of a once-in-a-century severe drought and external headwinds, but the economy remained resilient, owing to the authorities’ sound macroeconomic policies, the country’s political stability, and strong institutions. While economic growth decelerated in 2023, employment rose, and inflation fell within the target range. As inflationary pressures cooled off, the Banco Central del Uruguay started lowering its monetary policy rate in April 2023, while maintaining a contractionary stance. The economy is expected to strongly rebound in 2024, underpinned by the recovery of agricultural exports, increased cellulose production, easing of financial conditions and robust private consumption. Main risks are broadly balanced. Overall fiscal and external risks are low. The post-drought growth momentum creates opportunities for reinvigorating fiscal consolidation efforts. The crafting of the next five-year budget law opens an opportunity to recalibrate the fiscal rule targets to place debt on a downward path. Refinements to the fiscal rule would help consolidate recent credibility gains. Monetary policy should remain contractionary to ensure that inflation and inflation expectations stay within the target range in a sustained manner. Structural reforms are key to unlock potential growth, create policy space to preserve the country’s safety net and social cohesion, and support favorable sovereign debt ratings.
Keywords:
government bond bond market; inflation expectation; BCU inflation target; data ROSC reassessment; support policy continuity; Policy issue; Inflation; Fiscal stance; Fiscal councils; Anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT); Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
St. Kitts and Nevis: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper on St. Kitts and Nevis studies economic benefits from energy transition. Cheaper and more stable energy prices can support macroeconomic stability. In addition to the aforementioned effects, low and stable energy prices can mitigate the adverse impact from terms-of-trade shocks and reduce inflation volatility, thus contributing to smoothing out economic cycles. The energy landscape of St. Kitts and Nevis calls for energy reform. The two islands of St. Kitts and Nevis rely heavily on fossil fuels, primarily diesel, to power their grids without Interconnection. The analysis uses cross-country examples to examine the channels through which the adoption of renewable energy on a large scale can yield numerous long-term economic benefits. Transitioning to domestic renewable energy sources could stabilize domestic energy prices and reduce the volatility of inflation. A sharp reduction in energy costs in St. Kitts and Nevis could promote sectoral diversification. High-energy costs can prohibit economic diversification, particularly into energy intensive industries.
Keywords:
energy transition index; staff team of the International Monetary Fund; carbon capture in St. Kitts and Nevis; inflation volatility; copyright page; Renewable energy; Electricity; Energy prices; Non-renewable resources; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Costa Rica: Technical Assistance Report-Sovereign Asset and Liability Management—Scoping Mission
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This technical assistance report on Costa Rica discusses the scoping mission on sovereign asset and liability management (SALM). A comprehensive SALM framework can have significant advantages over separate management of sovereign assets and liabilities. It allows analysis of the financial characteristics of the whole balance sheet of the sovereign, identification of sources of costs and risks, and quantification of the correlations among those sources. An analysis of the balance sheet of each entity in Costa Rica’s broader public sector is the first step in developing a consolidated sovereign balance sheet. The balance sheet composition of each entity, or type of entity, is shaped by the nature of its business, historic policy decisions, and the regulatory regime under which it operates. The SALM framework provides insights into the management of liquidity risk. Committee on Sovereign Assets and Liabilities should establish a framework for cash and liquidity management, including a target for a liquidity buffer broken down between individual entities.
Keywords:
BCCR balance sheet; SALM framework; balance sheet composition; balance sheet dollarization; Banco de Costa Rica; Financial statements; Government asset and liability management; Government debt management; Global