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Books and Analytical Papers > IMF Staff Country Reports

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  • Type: Journal Issue x
  • San Marino, Republic of x
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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Panama: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
This Selected Issues paper discusses unravelling Panama’s large unemployment fluctuations. Panama’s labor force and employment have increased remarkably over the last decades. The rapid labor force growth was driven by a combination of demographic and social transformations. The increase in the labor force participation rate was the result of rising female labor force participation. Panama’s income convergence in the 25 years preceding the Pandemic was in large part the result of an increase in the employment to population rate. Convergence can either result from an increase in the employment rate relative to that in the US, or from faster labor productivity growth. In the case of Panama, about three quarters of the reduction in the income differential with the US was driven by an increase in the employment to population rate, and only one quarter was the result of faster labor productivity growth. Going forward, the increase in the employment to population ratio is likely to be slower and, for income convergence to continue, productivity growth will need to accelerate. The demographic transition has largely run its course as population growth is projected to keep declining and the share of the working-age population is expected to decrease in the next decades.
Keywords:
B. Dollarized economy; labor market market trend; D. labor force; E. building RESILIENCE; unemployment fluctuation; Climate change; Deposit insurance; Labor force; Natural disasters; Financial safety nets; Caribbean; Central America; Global; South America; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of San Marino: 2023 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of San Marino
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
The 2023 Article IV Consultation discusses that despite external shocks and higher interest rates, growth has remained resilient in San Marino. Prudent policies and access to international capital markets increased policy buffers to healthy levels. Despite volatile financial conditions, the government was able to rollover the Eurobond maturing next year. However, San Marino is a microstate subject to very high volatility and financial sector vulnerabilities remain, suggesting that larger-than-usual fiscal buffers are needed. High inflation and higher interest rates are eroding real income and putting pressure on firms’ healthy level of profitability. This, combined with weakening global demand will affect economic activity that while still positive, is decelerating in 2023. Given San Marino’s recent access to international capital markets and associated market discipline, the main priority is to advance the nonperforming loans securitization in a credible way that avoids forbearance and minimizes fiscal risks. This process and calendar provisioning can reveal capital needs at some banks that will need to be promptly addressed. A viable banking system will also require strengthening cost-efficiency and improving the quantity and quality of capital.
Keywords:
Sammarinese authority; authorities of the Republic of San Marino; Sta government finance statistics; utility company; vis-à-vis nonresident; Fiscal stance; Nonperforming loans; Pension spending; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of San Marino: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
San Marino's economic activity showed remarkable resilience throughout the pandemic. After Russia's invasion of Ukraine, San Marino faced an unprecedented energy price shock which, compounded with a food price shock, led to high inflation and real income erosion. However, strong external demand amidst global supply chain constraints and an elevated inflow of tourists have boosted economic activity so far this year. At the same time, San Marino secured beneficial energy import prices this year and next that have resulted in tariffs below regional peers at minimal fiscal costs. Despite a strong economy, the fiscal position in 2021 remained relatively weak. However, greater reliance on domestic debt along with a large share of long maturing and low interest debt is supporting favorable debt dynamics given higher inflation. Banks' capitalization and profitability improved in 2021, deposits continued to grow, while credit contracted. Progress halted recently while vulnerabilities remain given very large nonperforming assets and weak capitalization.
Keywords:
Sta government finance statistics; liability positions vis-a-vis nonresident; Sta balance of payments statistics; price signal; Eurobond rollover; Fiscal stance; Energy prices; Pension spending; Bonds; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of San Marino: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of San Marino
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
San Marino entered the pandemic with substantial vulnerabilities and still struggling from the consequences of the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). However, the economy has shown significant resilience supported by a timely and targeted policy response. Fiscal support was substantially scaled up after external borrowing was secured, including through a debut Eurobond. The banking system was rationalized, partly capitalized, its liquidity substantially improved, and a strategy is being adopted to address exceptionally high nonperforming loans (NPLs). Some of these measures, while effective, have increased official public debt substantially.
Keywords:
banking sector liquidity; Sta government finance statistics; vis-a-vis nonresident; liquidity of the banking system; boosted liquidity; Sta balance of payments statistics; Commercial banks; Fiscal stance; Nonperforming loans; Pension spending; Global; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Kingdom of the Netherlands—Curaçao and Sint Maarten: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Selected Issues
Keywords:
Kingdom of the netherlands Curaçao; Sint maarten monetary union; Dollarized economy; monetary union of Curaçao; financial system oversight; Dollarization; Monetary unions; Currencies; Exchange rate arrangements; Lender of last resort; Caribbean; Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of San Marino: 2020 Article IV Consultation-Press Release and Staff Report
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2020 Article IV Consultation discusses that San Marino is now facing very significant challenges owing to the recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which has taken a heavy toll on local population and businesses. The staff report reflects discussions with the Sammarinese authorities in January 2020 and is based on the information available as of January 31, 2020. It focuses on San Marino’s near- and medium-term challenges and policy priorities and was prepared before COVID-19 became a global pandemic and resulted in unprecedented strains in global trade, commodity, and financial markets. It, therefore, does not reflect the implications of these developments and related policy priorities. The outbreak has greatly amplified uncertainty and downside risks around the outlook. Staff is closely monitoring the situation and will continue to work on assessing its impact and the related policy response in San Marino and globally. With no credible measures to restore banking system health and in the face of a continued weak external environment, economic growth is projected to remain subdued in the coming years. Slow progress in repairing the banking system and failure to restore fiscal sustainability are the key and material risks.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; authority; law enforcement personnel; containment measure; health crisis; loan instalment; near-term effort; vis-à-vis nonresident; government liquidity buffer; Commercial banks; Nonperforming loans; Financial statistics; Pension spending
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of San Marino: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of San Marino
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This Article IV Consultation highlights that deep-rooted weaknesses in the banking system have undermined economic activity and are now threatening financial stability and fiscal sustainability. Significant deposit outflows have left the banking system with low liquidity, while persistent losses and high non-performing loans (NPLs) resulted in sizable recapitalization needs, particularly in the state-owned bank. Growth is projected to remain subdued in the coming years, reflecting continued banking sector deleveraging and a less favorable external environment, most notably in Italy. Slow progress in repairing the banking sector, and full and upfront recognition of the state’s financial commitments to the banking system are the key risks. Urgent actions are needed to restore banking sector viability and credit supply, safeguard public finances, and promote sustained economic growth. It is recommended to strengthen labor supply by better targeting social benefits and further relaxing the hiring process of non-residents.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Sammarinese authorities; state support; staff; banking system; Sta government finance statistics; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; government transfer; Commercial banks; Nonperforming loans; Tax allowances; Europe; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Republic of San Marino: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Republic of San Marino
International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that San Marino’s economy rebounded in 2016, on the back of recovering domestic demand and important gains in employment. However, the growth momentum slowed in 2017 amid financial sector uncertainties around a sizable loss at the largest bank and a closure of a small bank. Only moderate growth is projected in the near and medium term. The economy is projected to grow at 1.3 percent in 2018, driven by domestic demand. Private consumption is expected to recover gradually, and an externally financed investment project will add a significant boost to investment, which otherwise lacks support from the deleveraging banking sector.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; Sta balance of payments statistics; authorities of the Republic of San Marino; IMF staff calculation; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; growth momentum; banking system vulnerability; banking sector vulnerability; banking sector clean-up; banking sector repair; Commercial banks; Financial sector stability; Financial statistics; Tax allowances; Europe; Global