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Books and Analytical Papers > IMF Staff Country Reports

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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bhutan: 2024 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bhutan
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
The 2024 Article IV Consultation highlights that Bhutan achieved significant improvements in social conditions during the last decade, raising living standards. Poverty and inequality have declined, while extreme poverty has been eliminated. Growth is projected to accelerate over the medium term as a large hydro-project is commissioned and capital spending is boosted with the support of external grants. Pull factors are expected to slow down emigration, thereby reducing pressures on the supply side. A gradual fiscal consolidation based on revenue mobilization and accompanied by some spending restraint is needed to increase fiscal space and to reduce reliance on external grants in the longer term. Structural policies should focus on fostering high-quality private sector jobs, as well as diversifying exports. There is scope to strengthen the Royal Monetary Authority’s governance framework, as well as to step up anti-money laundering/countering the financing of terrorism efforts. Improvements in data quality have been significant, but further actions are needed to address remaining weaknesses. These include a need for greater transparency on crypto assets operations.
Keywords:
FDI company; foreign exchange resource; cover loan restructuring; capital investment; IMF team; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bhutan: 2022 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bhutan
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
The pandemic has had a substantial impact on the economy, straining pre-pandemic gains in income and poverty reduction. The wide-ranging policy measures, including containment protocols, rapid vaccination and booster campaigns, direct income support, and policy support for borrowers and businesses, mitigated the adverse impact on lives and well-being. As the pandemic recedes and in light of the uncertainties from the war in Ukraine, the focus needs to be on securing livelihoods and ensuring strong and job-rich medium-term growth, while minimizing any persistent adverse effects from the pandemic and mitigating risks.
Keywords:
development goal; quarterly balance of payments; income support; FDI investment rule; Five-Year Plans; food price; COVID-19; Debt sustainability; Debt sustainability analysis; Global; South Asia
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Selected Issues
Keywords:
RMG industry; FDI inflow; health spending efficiency; Bangladesh labor force; TFP growth loss; Climate change; Climate finance; COVID-19; Exports; Global; South Asia; Total factor productivity
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bhutan: Technical Assistance Report-Royal Monetary Authority-Steps Towards a Liquidity Forecasting and Management Framework
International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
This Technical Assistance report highlights that setting up a liquidity forecasting framework would go a long way in establishing a key building block allowing the Royal Monetary Authority of Bhutan (RMA) to fulfil its legal mandate to formulate and implement monetary policy in ways better aligned with current central bank practices. The structural liquidity surplus, mainly due to foreign reserves accumulation, has been broadly stable in the absence of RMA intervention. The paper discusses that the volatility of autonomous factors and the fragmentation of the money market justify ambitious steps by the RMA towards setting up a liquidity management framework. The mission identified several constraints and gaps that need to be addressed to support the effectiveness of a liquidity forecasting framework. The mission’s recommendations presented in the report aim at streamlining the processing of the Government’s financial transactions and cash balances. Looking ahead, monetary policy transmission would benefit from developing RMA’s liquidity forecasting and management capacity.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; RMA staff; RMA authorities; RMA liquidity-providing facility; autonomous factor; commercial bank; RMA function; liquidity condition; liquidity-providing facility; liquidity management; aggregate liquidity situation; interbank market; aggregate liquidity condition; excess reserves; RMA's liquidity forecasting; Liquidity; Liquidity management; Liquidity forecasting; Money markets; Fiscal accounting and reporting
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bhutan: Technical Assistance Report-Report on the External Sector Statistics Technical Assistance Mission (April 2–13, 2018)
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
As part of the IMF-South Asia Regional Training and Technical Assistance Center (SARTTAC) work program, a technical assistance (TA) mission on external sector statistics (ESS) was conducted during April 2–13, 2018. The mission assisted the Royal Monetary Authority (RMA) in compiling and disseminating external debt statistics (EDS) consistent with the international investment position (IIP), reviewed the compilation method of direct investment statistics, and assessed the coverage of external flows related to hydropower projects.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; FDI company; FDI data; compilation file; FDI worksheet; loans liabilities transaction; resident in Bhutan; accrued interest; Foreign direct investment; External sector statistics; International investment position; Loans; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bhutan: 2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bhutan
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This 2018 Article IV Consultation highlights that Bhutan continued to make strides in raising per capita incomes and reducing poverty as it concluded the 11th Five Year Plan in 2018. Notably, poverty declined from 12 percent in 2012 to 8.2 percent, and extreme poverty fell to just 1.5 percent. The country is poised to transition to middle-income status, with per capita incomes at nearly US$3,600 in 2018, up from US$1,100 in 2004. Growth has remained robust, averaging 6 percent over the 11th Plan. In FY2018, growth is expected to slow to 5.8 percent from 7.4 percent in FY2017, reflecting slowing construction activity of hydropower projects set to come on stream in 2018 and beyond.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; real GDP; authority; broad money; GDP deflator; balance of payments; current account deficit; policy challenge; reserve cover; Indian rupee; economy well; quarterly balance of payments; Bhutanese economy; Value-added tax; Public and publicly-guaranteed external debt; Exports; South Asia; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bhutan: Technical Assistance Report-SARTTAC Report on National Accounts Statistics Mission
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
This Technical Assistance Report discusses the findings and recommendations made the IMF mission to assist the Bhutanese authorities in improving estimates of annual GDP, and in developing methods for compiling quarterly GDP estimates. The mission found that the National Statistics Bureau (NSB) is engaged in a range of projects to improve Bhutan’s national accounts statistics. Updated annual GDP statistics signal an improvement in data quality, which should enhance policymakers’ ability to formulate and operationalize evidence-based decisions. Significant improvements to Bhutan’s national accounts statistics can be achieved using a three-step process. The NSB should also keep in mind the need to incorporate methodological and conceptual/definitional revisions during the benchmarking and rebasing process.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; statistics; GDP; GDP statistics; activities date; TA mission; improvement program; price statistics; Data collection; Insurance companies; Insurance; Asia and Pacific; South Asia