also tends to give rise to natural monopolies, creating a small set of so-called superstar firms that are located in a few powerful countries but serve the entire world economy. Moreover, under reasonable assumptions, the rate and direction of technological progress chosen by the market are generally suboptimal ( Korinek and Stiglitz, 2019 ). This creates the possibility of steering innovation in AI and other technologies in directions that are more beneficial to humanity at large, for example, preserving the planet or creating satisfying employment opportunities
results provide new evidence supporting the positive causal role of former Nokia workers on firm performance. The evidence of the positive spillovers on firms is particularly strong in terms of employment and value added. JEL Classification Numbers: J24, J62, O30, D83 Keywords: human capital, employment, value added, Nokia, difference-in-differences, heterogeneous treatment, knowledge spillovers, superstar firms. Authors’ E-Mail Addresses: jyrki.ali-yrkko@etla.fi ; ACherif@imf.org ; FHasanov@imf.org ; natalia.kuosmanen@etla.fi ; mika
understand the new landscape is vital to prepare for it. But the private sector is not always benign, and we require independent regulators who are able to control the rising power of superstar firms. A constant renewal of technical expertise is also necessary to ensure that the experience of the financial crisis, when experts and regulators failed to understand credit derivatives, is not repeated with newly emergent threats. Airlines and the Pandemic Sources : Deaths – Our World in Data; Flights – OpenFlights.org. Four meta-horsemen What are the