the impact of migrants over a long sample and found that more immigrants did not lead to higher unemployment. In the case of France, Gross (1999) found that immigrants tended to increase unemployment slightly in the short-run, although there was a reduction in the unemployment rate in the long run. 8. This chapter estimates a system of equations including the unemployment rate, real wage, net migration rate, and labor force participation rate, taking into account the inter-dependence of the variables . The model is similar to that of Pope and Wither (1993