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) , the average impact of shocks on industry productivity growth can be computed by: Δ l n L ^ P i t = β 1 ^ U P i t D M + β 2 ^ D N i t D M + β 3 ^ O W N i t E X ( 10 ) Equation (10) can be further expanded by substituting Equations (1) to (3) for each individual industry j and country C as
output to control for macro shocks at the country and sector levels that may also affect productivity. Causal interpretation of the relationship between the degree of GVC participation and productivity at the industry level can be problematic given endogeneity concerns and potential for reverse causality. It is unclear from correlations whether GVC participation improves firms’ performance and drives industry productivity growth or higher productivity growth makes it easier for firms and industries to participate in GVCs. Therefore, following Constantinescu et al
: ICT Capital Accumulation 2. Canada–United States Labor Productivity Growth Gap 3. Canada: ICT Regression with Current and Lagged ICT Capital Services Growth 4. Canada and the United States: Value-Added, Shares of Total Figures I. 1. United States and Canada: Income and Productivity Indicators 2. Sectoral Contributions to the Canada-U.S. Aggregate Labor Productivity Growth Gap 3. Canada: Sectoral TFP Growth and Openness to Trade Appendices I. 1. Data Sources 2. Canada and U.S. Industries’ Productivity Growth, 1982–2000 II