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Cover IMF Working Papers
Economic and Environmental Benefits of Eliminating Log Export Bans—The Case of Costa Rica
Mr. Nalin M. Kishor, Mr. Muthukumara Mani, and Mr. Luis F. Constantino

revenue collections. 8 At the same time it is claimed that only a fraction of Costa Rica’s forest potential is being exploited and the sector offers the promise of greater export earnings, employment, and government revenues in the future if managed properly ( World Bank 2000 ). By removing the LEB, and assuming that the log prices rise by 67 percent and the tax rate on logs remains unchanged, it is estimated that tax revenues will increase from US$10 million to US$17 million, i.e., by about 70 percent. Over and above these direct economic benefits, environmental

Keywords:
WP; cost; export; LEB; processing industry; result; input price distortion; export sale; timber trade restriction; economic gain; forest potential; net decrease
Cover IMF Working Papers
Economic and Environmental Benefits of Eliminating Log Export Bans—The Case of Costa Rica
Mr. Nalin M. Kishor, Mr. Muthukumara Mani, and Mr. Luis F. Constantino
An increasing number of tropical timber producing nations have enacted bans on export of logs. Proponents argue that a log export ban is a second-best policy tool for addressing environmental externalities; it also creates more jobs and improves scale efficiencies domestically. Theoretical arguments suggest that log export bans are largely incapable of achieving their objectives. However, little quantitative evidence exists. The authors maintain that eliminating log export bans in Costa Rica could generate economic gains as high as $14 million annually in addition to the environmental benefits.
Keywords:
WP; cost; export; LEB; processing industry; result; trade and environment; forestry; log export ban (LEB); sustainable management; Latin America; Costa Rica; export ban; timber export tax; efficiency gains; price rise; log price; Agroindustries; Trade barriers; Exports; Tariffs; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cameroon: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
The Cameroonian authorities found irregularities while implementing the first Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP). The process of revising the strategy of PRSP I has resulted in the growth and employment strategy paper (GESP), designed for achieving the MDGs and realizing the vision with multiyear development programs. The GESP deals with a review of development policies, its vision and goals, a growth and employment strategy, state governance and strategic management, macroeconomic and budgetary guidelines, and an institutional framework. The GESP programming and monitoring system thus will help in formulating better policies.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; job creation; private sector; financial support; poverty rate; public expenditure; tertiary sector; regional council; net exporter; public finance; local government; government plan; production system; development partner; primary sector; Employment; Global; Central Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Guinea: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
The health of the population in Guinea is also one of the determinants of poverty, owing to its impact on the ability of the population to work with vigor. There are large disparities depending on the urban/rural residence and administrative region. In terms of the poverty level of households, consultation rates among households in the first and second quintiles (the poorest 40 percent) are considerably lower (67.7 percent and 74.3 percent, respectively) than the national average. Health sector financing remains weak.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; private sector; civil society; growth rate; economic activity; resource management; poverty rate; Poverty reduction strategy; West Africa; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
This paper presents an overview of the Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy Paper (PRGSP) for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The process of preparing the final PRGSP was complicated and laborious, but the government insisted that it be carried out rigorously and systematically. The objective pursued was to have a high-quality PRGSP, the contents of which were assimilated, internalized, and legitimized by all stakeholders working in a responsible partnership. Implementation of the PRGSP is subject to both endogenous and exogenous constraints.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; community development; absolute poverty; armed forces; government Economic Program; management system; private sector; civil society; monetary policy; Poverty reduction strategy; Global; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cote d'Ivoire: Staff Report for the 2018 Article IV Consultation and Third Reviews Under the Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility, and Request for Modification of a Performance Criterion
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
This IMF Staff Report highlights that the robust economic growth in Côte d’Ivoire is projected to continue in 2018. The inflation remains subdued. The program aims to achieve a sustainable balance of payments position, foster inclusive growth and poverty reduction, and create fiscal space for investing in priority infrastructure and social projects. Strong economic performance since 2012, with average annual growth of 9 percent, reflected the economic recovery following political normalization, improved business environment, strong program of reforms, and supportive fiscal policy. A key policy challenge is to sustain robust growth and make it more inclusive and private sector-driven. Robust medium-term growth is expected to be supported by domestic demand.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; government; summary debt service table; real GDP; government policy; summary table; Ivorian authority; fuel price mechanism; Tax administration core functions; West Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; Global; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund
The Government of the Republic of Niger has implemented the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS), which describes the country's macroeconomic, structural, and social policies in support of growth and poverty reduction. This strategy is based on the conviction that poverty can be reduced through strong and sustained economic growth that creates wealth and jobs. The study is the outcome of a concerted analysis. The first part outlines the diagnosis and key factors of poverty and the second part presents the major challenges, vision, overall goals, and strategic pillars.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; economic growth; private sector; mortality rate; civil society; community development; low income; financial market; energy policy; human resources; Women; West Africa; Africa; Global; Europe; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Niger: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Niger understands the need to adopt a long-term strategy capable of optimizing natural and human resources to promote sustainable economic and social development and inclusive growth. The government has renewed planning efforts in the preparation of three principal strategic documents. These three strategic planning tools are complementary, and the government is committed to implementing them so that they interact with each other synergistically while ensuring dynamic linkages between short-, medium-, and long-term programs.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; natural resources; gross domestic product; community development; private sector; economic situation; public policy; climate change; standard of living; primary sector; human resources; Agricultural commodities; Global; West Africa; Africa
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Côte D’Ivoire: Staff Report for the 2018 Article IV Consultation and Third Reviews Under the Arrangement Under the Extended Credit Facility and Extended Arrangement Under the Extended Fund Facility, and Request for Modification of a Performance Criterion— Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund. African Dept.

– Preparation of the Agro-Industrial Pole Support Project in the Regions of Western Côte d’Ivoire 1 2018 ▮ Project to Restore the Forest Potential and Improve Resilience in Central Côte ‘Ivoire (PCFAR). 3 2018 ▮ Azito Power Plan Project – Phase 4 (Construction of a combined cycle gas turbine (a 177 MW gas turbine and a 78 MW steam turbine) EUR 60 million 2018 Bank Group Portfolio Since it started operations in Côte d’Ivoire in 1971, the AfDB has so far approved 85 operations for the country. All approved operations amount to a net

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; government; summary debt service table; real GDP; debt management; IT system; tax administration; public finance; Strengthen tax administration; Customs administration core functions; Government finance statistics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Cameroon
Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
International Monetary Fund

abundant natural resources. Its location in the Congo basin is a pointer to its forest potential whose exploitation is increasingly carried out in keeping with the tenets of sustainable management of resources. The country, with its various seasons and vegetation, is good for effective implementation of all types of intensive agriculture and animal husbandry techniques. There are huge quantities of bauxite, iron ore, nickel, cobalt, and rutile in its sub-soil. Its hydroelectric potential alone is estimated at 12.000 MW per annum, meaning, more than 10 times the potential

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; job creation; private sector; financial support; poverty rate; public expenditure