with their own computer systems, most of the data entered manually via DTI probably already exists on their system. The traders’ systems may already be capable of printing a declaration listing all the information needed by customs. Printing it out so that it can be reentered into the customs system becomes redundant and inefficient. EDI is the obvious solution to avoid this duplication. Advance cargo information systems In many instances, the information required to complete customs formalities is available prior to the arrival of the consignment. To make a