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You are looking at 1 - 10 of 19 items for :

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Cover Finance & Development
Building Back Better
International Monetary Fund

The Finnish forest industry produces sustainable alternatives for changing consumption needs, in addition to helping progress toward a fossil-free future . PHOTO: STEVEN DORSTW The devastating scenes of destruction that have played out in recent weeks—from record-breaking floods in China to raging fires in Greece—offer a glimpse into what a warmer world looks like. Climate chaos is not inevitable, however. Climate solutions exist, and they are being delivered in countries with the will and leadership to do so. The countries highlighted here have

Keywords:
wood innovation; climate chaos; climate solution; approach to climate change; threats looming; Natural disasters; Climate change; Greenhouse gas emissions; Renewable resources; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Dirty Dance: Tourism and Environment
Mr. Serhan Cevik
Tourism was one of the fastest-growing sectors before the COVID-19 pandemic, accounting for about 10 percent of global GDP. But it has also created a number of challenges including environmental degradation, especially in small island countries where the carbon footprint of tourism constitute substantial share of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. This study empirically investigates the impact of tourism on CO2 emissions in a relatively homogenous panel of 15 Caribbean countries over the period 1960–2019. The results show that international tourist arrivals have a statistically and economically significant effect on CO2 emissions, after controlling for other economic, institutional and social factors. Therefore, managing tourism sustainably requires a comprehensive set of policies and reforms aimed at reducing its impact on environmental quality and curbing excessive dependency on fossil fuel-based energy consumption.
Keywords:
Tourism; climate change; CO2 emissions; energy intensity; mitigation; adaptation; tourism constitute; impact of tourism; share of carbon dioxide; climate change mitigation; climate change vulnerability; Greenhouse gas emissions; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Working Papers
Building Back Better: How Big Are Green Spending Multipliers?
Nicoletta Batini, Mario di Serio, Matteo Fragetta, and Mr. Giovanni Melina
This paper provides estimates of output multipliers for spending in clean energy and biodiversity conservation, as well as for spending on non-ecofriendly energy and land use activities. Using a new international dataset, we find that every dollar spent on key carbon-neutral or carbon-sink activities can generate more than a dollar’s worth of economic activity. Although not all green and non-ecofriendly expenditures in the dataset are strictly comparable due to data limitations, estimated multipliers associated with spending on renewable and fossil fuel energy investment are comparable, and the former (1.1-1.5) are larger than the latter (0.5-0.6) with over 90 percent probability. These findings survive several robustness checks and lend support to bottom-up analyses arguing that stabilizing climate and reversing biodiversity loss are not at odds with continuing economic advances.
Keywords:
green multiplier; green stimulus; clean energy; conservation spending; nuclear energy; biodiversity; nature-based solutions; agricultural subsidies; fossil fuels.; spending data; B. data coverage; eco-friendly spending; Policy implication; data coverage; Renewable energy; Renewable resources; Non-renewable resources; Environmental protection; Greenhouse gas emissions; Global; investments multiplier; spending multiplier; cumulated multiplier; land use multiplier; spending shock; robustness check; eco-friendly expenditure
Cover IMF Working Papers
Waiting for Godot? The Case for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation in Small Island States
Mr. Serhan Cevik
Global warming is the most significant threat to ecosystems and people’s health and living standards, especially in small island states in the Caribbean and elsewhere. This paper contributes to the debate by analyzing different options to scale up climate change mitigation and adaptation. In particular, the empirical analysis indicates that increasing energy efficiency and reducing the use of fossil fuel in electricity generation could lead to a significant reduction in carbon emissions, while investing in physical and financial resilience would yield long-run benefits. From a risk-reward perspective, the advantages of reducing the risks associated with climate change and the health benefits from higher environmental quality clearly outweigh the potential cost of climate change mitigation and adaptation in the short run. The additional revenue generated by environmental taxes could be used to compensate the most vulnerable households, building a multilayered safety net, and strengthening structural resilience.
Keywords:
Climate change; decarbanization; energy efficiency; mitigation; adaptation; carbon tax; green financing; climate change mitigation; risk-reward perspective; Island state; adaptation strategy; climate change adaptation; Greenhouse gas emissions; Natural disasters; Caribbean; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Australia: Selected Issues
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Selected Issues
Keywords:
inflation expectation; wage Phillips Curve; B. inflation development; wage growth; wage inflation; Wages; Inflation; Greenhouse gas emissions; Carbon tax; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Climate Action to Unlock the Inclusive Growth Story of the 21st Century
Amar Bhattacharya, Maksym Ivanyna, William Oman, and Nicholas Stern
Climate change is a major threat to the sustainability and inclusiveness of our societies, and to the planet’s habitability. A just transition to a low-carbon economy is the only viable way forward. This paper reviews the climate change challenge. It stresses the criticality of systems changes (energy, transport, urban, land use, water) in a climate-challenged world, and the importance of infrastructure investment geared toward such systems changes. The key policies to enable the transition are: public spending on and investment frameworks for sustainable infrastructure, pricing carbon, regulations, promoting sustainable use of natural resources, scaling up and aligning finance with climate objectives, low-carbon industrial and innovation policies, building resilience and adaptation, better measurement of well-being and sustainability, and providing information and education on climate risks. Implemented well, climate action would unlock the inclusive growth story of the 21st century, making our societies more sustainable, inclusive, and prosperous.
Keywords:
climate change challenge; climate change mitigation; low-carbon economy; climate action; challenge of climate change; Climate change; Natural disasters; Greenhouse gas emissions; Global; South Asia
Cover Finance & Development
Finance and Development, September 2021
International Monetary Fund
Finance and Development, September 2021
Keywords:
IEA report; IMF staff research; emissions target; Bitcoin mining; climate threat; Climate change; Climate finance; Greenhouse gas emissions; Virtual currencies; Global; Asia and Pacific; Africa; Pacific Islands; Sub-Saharan Africa; pricing carbon; bitcoin rival Ethereum
Cover IMF Working Papers
Climate Mitigation Policy in Denmark: A Prototype for Other Countries
Nicoletta Batini, Ian W.H. Parry, and Mr. Philippe Wingender
Denmark has a highly ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions 70 percent below 1990 levels by 2030. While there is general agreement that carbon pricing should be the centerpiece of Denmark’s mitigation strategy, pricing needs to be effective, address equity and leakage concerns, and be reinforced by additional measures at the sectoral level. The strategy Denmark develops can be a good prototype for others to follow. This paper discusses mechanisms to scale up domestic carbon pricing, compensate households, and possibly combine pricing with a border carbon adjustment. It also recommends the use of revenue-neutral feebate schemes to strengthen mitigation incentives, particularly for transportation and agriculture, fisheries and forestry, though these schemes could also be applied more widely.
Keywords:
Denmark climate mitigation; carbon pricing; feebate; revenue recycling; border carbon adjustment; transportation; agriculture.; WP; emission rate; EU ETS; emissions price; sliding scale; greenhouse gas; proxy emissions fee; Climate change; agriculture; energy price; mitigation target; nitrogen oxide emission; Carbon tax; Greenhouse gas emissions; Consumption; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Australia: 2021 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Australia
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
Strong health and economic policies allowed for quick economic recovery from initial COVID-19-related lockdowns in 2020. Renewed outbreaks and lockdowns have created setbacks since mid-2021, with disproportionate impacts on some regions, sectors, and workers. Accommodative macroeconomic policies have been instrumental in cushioning the economic impact.
Keywords:
territory government; CPI expenditure weight; economic plan; employment service; monetary policy support; ABS implementation; COVID-19; Housing; Housing prices; Economic recovery; Productivity; Global
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Australia: 2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Australia