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Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Staff Report for the 2021 Article IV Consultation— Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

BANGLADESH

Keywords:
liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; GDP time series; Bangladesh capacity development; GDP estimate; positions vis-à-vis nonresident; Government finance statistics; External sector statistics; Financial soundness indicators; Financial statistics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Technical Assistance Report-Residential Property Price Indices Mission
International Monetary Fund. Statistics Dept.
The contents of this report constitute technical advice provided by the staff of the IMF to the authorities of Bangladesh in response to their request for technical assistance. The purpose of the mission was to assist the Bangladesh Bank (BB) in progressing on the compilation of a residential property price index. BB has plans to set up a new data collection system to improve the current existing data starting from July 2020. The new data collection will expand the geographic coverage and the type of dwellings and mostly will increase the current sample resulting in more accurate results. The mission recommended the use of R instead of other software since it allows to perform all the necessary calculations in one script and single software. The mission provided training particularly on the hedonic methods, chain linking and rebasing. The hedonic methods are the most recommended to address the quality changes on the mix of dwellings transacted when following the price of real estate.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; RPPI Guide; BB staff; residential property price index; BB data; RPPI team member; BB governor; RPPI guide; Data collection; Housing
Cover Departmental Papers
Measuring Financial Access: 10 Years of the IMF Financial Access Survey
Marco A Espinosa-Vega, Ms. Kazuko Shirono, Mr. Hector Carcel Villanova, Miss Esha Chhabra, Ms. Bidisha Das, and Ms. Yingjie Fan
This departmental paper marks the 10th anniversary of the IMF Financial Access Survey (FAS). It offers a retrospective of the FAS database, along with some reflections as to its future directions. Since its 2009 launch, the FAS has provided granular data on access to and use of financial services. It is a supply-side database with annual global coverage based on data sourced directly from financial service providers—aimed at supporting policymakers to target and evaluate financial inclusion policies. Its data collection has kept pace with financial innovation, such as the rise of mobile money and growing demand for gender-disaggregated data—and the FAS must continue to evolve.
Keywords:
DPPP; DP; FAS indicator; FAS data; FAS usage indicator; FAS gender; FAS Coverage; FAS data collection; internet banking; agent outlet; money agent; Mobile banking; Financial inclusion; Commercial banks; Financial statistics; Global; South Asia; Sub-Saharan Africa; Mobile internet; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Staff Report for the 2019 Article IV Consultation—Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

2019 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bangladesh

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; authority; inflation development; flow data; financial asset; authorities' effort; government of Bangladesh; liability positions vis-à-vis nonresident; External sector statistics; Government finance statistics; Financial soundness indicators
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Staff Report for the 2018 Article IV Consultation—Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

2018 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Bangladesh

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government; debt; deficit; real GDP; financial support; improvement Program; counter-terrorism financing; IDA-financed value added tax; gradual adjustment; External sector statistics; Value-added tax; counter-terrorist financing
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Myanmar: 2017 Article IV Consultation - Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for Myanmar
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept
This 2017 Article IV Consultation highlights that Myanmar’s economy stabilized in 2016/17. The new government saw a challenging first year with lower-than-expected growth of 5.9 percent in 2016/17 mainly owing to weak agriculture production and exports, and temporary suspension of some construction projects in Yangon. Inflation moderated to 6.8 percent, and the current account deficit fell to about 3.9 percent of GDP in 2016/17 from 5.1 percent 2015/16. The medium-term macroeconomic outlook remains favorable. Growth is expected to rebound to 6.7 percent in 2017/18 mainly supported by a recovering agriculture sector and exports. Higher fiscal spending anticipated in the second half of 2017/18 owing to buoyant tax revenues will also support growth.
Keywords:
ISCR; CR; center; a number of development priority; inflow data; credit growth; reform sequencing; reform direction; Exchange rates; External sector statistics; Global; Asia and Pacific
Cover IMF Working Papers
Finance and Employment in Developing Countries: The Working Capital Channel
Mai Dao and Lucy Qian Liu
We study the effect of external financing constraint on job creation in emerging markets and developing countries (EMDC) at the firm level by looking at a specific transmission channel - the working capital channel. We develop a simple model to illustrate how the need for working capital financing of a firm affects the link between financial constraint and the firm's job creation. We show that the effect of relaxing financial constraint on job creation is greater the smaller the firm scale and the more labor-intensive its production structure. We use the World Bank Enterprise Surveys data to test the main predictions of the model, and find strong evidence for the working capital channel of external finance on firm employment.
Keywords:
WP; employment growth; fixed capital; Financial constraint; firm-level employment; job creation; working capital financing; survey database; optimization problem; small firm; right-hand-side variable; panel data; Employment; Financial frictions; Labor share; Central and Eastern Europe
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Staff Report for the 2017 Article IV Consultation—Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

2017 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; government bond; current account; monetary policy management; financial asset; exchange regime; government procurement; implementation plan; internal audit department; External sector statistics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Staff Report for the 2015 Article IV Consultation—Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund. Asia and Pacific Dept

Context. Since the last Article IV Consultation in November 2013, macroeconomic stability has been maintained, supported by prudent policies under the recently-concluded Extended Credit Facility arrangement. However, private domestic demand and credit growth have been tepid, and export growth has slowed, as it has in other Asian countries. The real effective exchange rate has appreciated strongly, but the external position is broadly in line with fundamentals and desirable policies. Outlook and risks. Provided that political calm prevails, public investment is ramped up, and constraints on private investment are eased, growth is projected to accelerate gradually to 7 percent over the medium term. Lingering political uncertainty, low fiscal revenues, and weaknesses in state banks' balance sheets are the main challenges to the medium-term outlook.

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; debt; authority; financing government expenditure; headline inflation; financial asset; exchange regime; internal audit department; implementation plan; safeguards assessment of Bangladesh Bank; Value-added tax; External sector statistics
Cover IMF Staff Country Reports
Bangladesh: Staff Report for the 2008 Article IV Consultation—Informational Annex
International Monetary Fund

Bangladesh’s 2008 Article IV Consultation reports that growth picked up strongly from a slow start to the year with rebounds in agriculture and garment exports playing a leading role. Strong growth of remittances and increased external assistance helped support the balance of payments in the face of rising import costs. An impressive increase in government revenues, bringing state-owned enterprise losses onto the budget, and the substantial increase in administered prices have been significant achievements.

Keywords:
ISCR; CR; money growth; staff appraisal; petroleum company; statement; government; energy sector DPL PFM improvement Program; AsDB's financing partner; financial asset; Country Partnership Strategy exercise; governance Program; Consumer price indexes; Government finance statistics; Energy sector